Early life and current determinants of bone in South African children of mixed ancestral origin

Abstract

These data suggest that although early life factors may contribute indirectly to the bone mass of children of mixed ancestral origin, the contribution of current factors is greater. In addition, environmental factors such as housing density have a direct effect on bone mass, independent of body size.

Temporal Trends and Correlates of Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, and Physical Fitness among School-Aged Children in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

“…Of the 36 studies, 26 (72.2%) studies [26,29,34,35,37,38,43,45,47,52,55,56,58,60,61,62,63,64,67,68,77,79,81,82,83,86] used solely subjective measurements of physical activity (e.g., self-report or interviewer administered questionnaires), and 10 (27.8%) studies [30,31,32,33,42,53,65,74,75,76,84] used direct/objective measures (e.g., accelerometers, pedometers) or a combination of direct and subjective measures. Table 5 indicates the type the type of measure used and the main findings for each of the 36 studies.…”

“…Of these, the majority (12 studies) used self-report measures [35,47,52,55,56,63,64,68,74,77,83,86], and five studies used direct measurements [33,39,44,75,85]. Specific measurement tools varied across studies, but total weekday and/or weekend television viewing time was most often studied.…”

“…Toriola and Monyeki reported that 40% of 14 year old participants watched less than 1 hour of television per day [83]. In other studies, the self-reported mean television viewing time was between 2 and 2.5 h per day for 9–16 year old children, with weekend television viewing slightly higher at 2.7 to 3.6 h, and television viewing generally higher in older children [47,52,64]. Data from Ghana and Uganda found that 27% of children aged 13–15 years spent more than 3 h per day in sedentary pursuits [63], while in Botswana, 14 year olds spent an average of 6.2 hours per day sitting [86].…”

Association between socioeconomic status and bone mineral density in adults: a systematic review

“…Given the inverse relationship observed between BMD and SES and the reduced likelihood of these individuals to undergo screening, the findings of this review suggest women with lower educational attainment to be an important group for targeted interventions and appropriately developed public Mean age for total study population not provided health programmes. This is especially pertinent given that much literature is now focused on lifetime accumulation of disadvantage affecting bone health, including childhood and pre-birth [37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. Therefore, targeting young women of lower education may offer an avenue to address the disparity of lifetime accumulation of disadvantage with regards to musculoskeletal health.…”

Gait status 17–26 years after selective dorsal rhizotomy

“…There was also a wide variety in participants' socio-economic status (SES). The SES was estimated by housing density: the number of people living in the house divided by the number of rooms (excluding the kitchen and bathroom) [22]. From the SDR group 26% had a low housing density ratio (e.g.…”