“…Many researchers also use the term "hoax" (originating from hocus, which means to trick or deceive), to refer to deliberate false information (Pratiwi, Asmara, & Rahutomo, 2017;Santoso, Yohansen, Nealson, Warnars, & Hashimoto, 2017;Vedova et al, 2018;Kumar, West, & Leskovec, 2016). Hoaxes are messages created with the intention of being spread to a large number of people, to "persuade or manipulate other people to do or prevent pre-established actions, mostly by using a threat or deception" (Vuković, Pripužić, & Belani, 2009;Hernandez, Hernandez, Sierra, & Ribagorda, 2002).…”