Early intervention with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms in recent rape victims: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Covers, Milou L. V.; Jongh, Ad de; Huntjens, Rafaële J. C.; Roos, Carlijn de; Hout, Marcel van den; Bicanic, Iva A. E.

doi:10.1080/20008198.2019.1632021

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…These findings suggest that the development of PTSD after interpersonal trauma is pivotal in this association between trauma and pelvic floor function. This thus also offers potential for prevention of pelvic floor overactivity, by monitoring and early interventions in case PTSD symptoms develop (Covers et al, 2019 ; Oosterbaan, Covers, Bicanic, Huntjens, & de Jongh, 2019 ; Roberts, Kitchiner, Kenardy, Lewis, & Bisson, 2019 ). Future prospective studies in larger groups of women (with and without obesity and infertility) are needed to address causality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual function and pelvic floor activity in women: the role of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms

Karsten

Wekker

Bakker

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Traumatic sexual experiences can negatively affect sexual functioning and increase pelvic floor activity in women, especially when post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is developed. However, little is known about the effect of other types of interpersonal and non-interpersonal, traumatic experiences on sexual function and pelvic floor overactivity. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effects of lifetime traumatic experiences and subsequent PTSD symptoms on sexual function and pelvic floor activity and to investigate whether the effects differ for interpersonal and non-interpersonal trauma. Methods: Women (N=82) with obesity and a history of infertility, participating in a follow-up study of an RCT investigating a lifestyle intervention programme, completed questionnaires on lifetime exposure to traumatic events (LEC-5), PTSD symptoms (PC-PTSD-5), sexual function (MFSQ) and pelvic floor activity (AOPFS-SV). Results: A large majority of women (85%) reported exposure to at least one traumatic event during their lifetime. Sexual function and pelvic floor activity did not differ between women who experienced non-interpersonal or interpersonal (including sexual) trauma and those who did not experience traumatic events during their lifetime. Women who had developed PTSD symptoms, however, did have higher pelvic floor activity, but sexual function was not affected. Women with a positive screen for PTSD had the highest pelvic floor activity score, and individual PTSD symptoms nightmares and hypervigilance were associated with significantly higher pelvic floor activity scores. Conclusion: Trauma exposure is associated with pelvic floor overactivity in women with a positive screen for PTSD, such that pelvic floor overactivity is more severe with greater PTSD severity. These findings suggest that the development of PTSD after interpersonal trauma is pivotal in this association. Sexual function was unrelated to trauma exposure and pelvic floor function, perhaps related to the fact that the interpersonal trauma events reported in this study were mainly non-sexual.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual function and pelvic floor activity in women: the role of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms

Karsten

Wekker

Bakker

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Participation included assessments at four time points. For a detailed description of the study protocol, see Covers et al ( 2019 ). Neither trial design nor eligibility criteria changed during the trial.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For an overview of all outcome measures, the total score range and the internal consistency in the current study, see Table 1 . For a complete description of the measures, we refer the reader to the study protocol (Covers et al, 2019 ). The use of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI; Rosen et al, 2000 ) was altered after data collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early intervention with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms in recent rape victims: a randomized controlled trial

Covers

Jongh

Huntjens

et al. 2021

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background About 40% of rape victims develop post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) within three months after the assault. Considering the high personal and societal impact of PTSD, there is an urgent need for early (i.e. within three months after the incident) interventions to reduce post-traumatic stress in victims of rape. Objective To assess the effectiveness of early intervention with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce symptoms of post-traumatic stress, feelings of guilt and shame, sexual dysfunction, and other psychological dysfunction (i.e. general psychopathology, anxiety, depression, and dissociative symptoms) in victims of rape. Method This randomized controlled trial included 57 victims of rape, who were randomly allocated to either two sessions of EMDR therapy or treatment as usual (‘watchful waiting’) between 14 and 28 days post-rape. Psychological symptoms were assessed at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and 8 and 12 weeks post-rape. Linear mixed models and ANCOVAs were used to analyse differences between conditions over time. Results Within-group effect sizes of the EMDR condition ( d = 0.89 to 1.57) and control condition ( d = 0.79 to 1.54) were large, indicating that both conditions were effective. However, EMDR therapy was not found to be more effective than watchful waiting in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms, general psychopathology, depression, sexual dysfunction, and feelings of guilt and shame. Although EMDR therapy was found to be more effective than watchful waiting in reducing anxiety and dissociative symptoms in the post-treatment assessment, this effect disappeared over time. Conclusions The findings do not support the notion that early intervention with EMDR therapy in victims of rape is more effective than watchful waiting for the reduction of psychological symptoms, including symptoms of post-traumatic stress. Further research on the effectiveness of early interventions, including watchful waiting, for this specific target group is needed.

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“…No se evidencia* No se evidencia* No se evidencia* No se evidencia* "Ir más allá de los límites del diagnóstico, centrándose en la interacción causal entre procesos traumáticos específicos y utilizando medidas estandarizadas, son direcciones útiles para futuras investigaciones sobre la memoria, las emociones y los traumas emocionales" (Giotakos, 2020). "El estudio actual será el primer ECA que examine la eficacia de la intervención temprana de EMDR en comparación con el tratamiento habitual para reducir los síntomas de estrés postraumático en las víctimas de violación (Covers et al, 2019). "Este estudio contribuirá a la actualmente limitada base de pruebas para la EMDR para el TEPT en los entornos forenses.…”

Section: Pseucientíficounclassified

“…Actualiza su información, la EMDR, desde su creación, ha sido objeto de experimentación (Cotter et al, 2017;Covers et al, 2019;Hegarty et al, 2016), a través de sus estudios, han actualizado la información de su eficacia y validez, lo que conlleva la modificación de datos, hipótesis y teorías, incluso con respecto a otros enfoques. Busca comentarios críticos de otros, no se opone a las críticas de otras corrientes o de sus detractores, al contrario, las toma en cuenta para sus estudios de validez y efectividad (Brennstuhl y Bassan, 2018;Jahanfar et al, 2020;Markus et al, 2019).…”

Section: Pseucientíficounclassified

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing desde la propuesta de valoración de Mario Bounge

Armijos

López

Valdivieso

et al. 2021

IRR

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ResumenLa práctica de la intervención psicológica debería estar basada en las mejores evidencias científicas acerca de su eficacia. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la actitud, validez y dominio científico que posee la psicoterapia de la Desensibilización y Reprocesamiento por los Movimientos Oculares (EMDR) con base en un enfoque de realismo científico propuesto por Bunge en su tabla de comparación de las actitudes científicas y pseudocientíficas. El diseño metodológico incluyó la adaptación lingüística y cultural, la validación de contenido con el criterio de jueces, de la tabla de Bunge; la búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos entre 2016-2020, en las bases de datos de Scopus y Web of Science, con diseños de estudio experimentales y cuasiexperimentales relacionados al EMDR. Los hallazgos evidenciaron 2417 publicaciones, 38 de las cuales cumplen con los criterios señalados, en donde se indica que la EMDR reflejan los criterios para considerarse una ciencia, sosteniendo su eficacia.

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Early intervention with eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce the severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms in recent rape victims: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

Sexual function and pelvic floor activity in women: the role of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms

Sexual function and pelvic floor activity in women: the role of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms

Early intervention with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy to reduce the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms in recent rape victims: a randomized controlled trial

Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing desde la propuesta de valoración de Mario Bounge

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