Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Paranjpe, Supriya; Phakade, Rajkunwar S.; Ingole, Nayana; Mehta, Preeti

doi:10.4236/wja.2012.21001

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…The reduced distance to access the services by mothers, early sample collection, early EID results collection and reduced loss to follow-up remain congruent with peoples’ expectations to have the children access HIV services and improve health. 39 Our findings concurred with a study in Uganda that reported an increased uptake of EID of HIV and associated this positive outcome to reduced distance, increased collection of results, and follow-up of infants at 6 weeks. 5 Our findings that the perceived benefits from early initiation of treatment, reduced morbidity, and mortality which in turn influenced their perceived acceptability for the service into VHCs corroborates with results from India.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Services Into Village Health Clinics in Ntcheu, Malawi: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Chinguwo

Nyondo-Mipando²

2021

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis(EID) of HIV into Village Health Clinics (VHCs) would increase the uptake of services. This study assessed mothers and health care workers’ acceptability of integration of EID of HIV services into VHCs in Ntcheu, Malawi. We conducted an exploratory qualitative study in the phenomenological tradition among 20 mothers of either HIV exposed or non-exposed infants and 18 health care workers (HCWs) from February to July 2019. We analyzed the data using a thematic approach and guided by the theoretical framework for acceptability. There were positive perceptions of the integration of services. Acceptability is influenced by attitudes, perceived burden, intervention coherent services, and perceived effectiveness of services. The successful integration of EID of HIV into VHCs requires strengthening of the health system and community awareness. Efforts to mitigate stigma should be prioritized when integrating the services to optimize uptake of the services at a community level.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Services Into Village Health Clinics in Ntcheu, Malawi: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Chinguwo

Nyondo-Mipando²

2021

J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care

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“…Five (18.5%) of exclusively breastfed babies were found to be PCR-positive [ 19 ]. In another study, it is clearly demonstrated that in children > 6 months the positivity rate was significantly higher in breast fed 42.8% (3/7) as compared to non breast fed 5% (2/40) children [ 31 ]. The more likely explanation for this is that mixed breast feeding and early initiation of complementary feeding practice exacerbate the increasing vulnerability of HIV positivity to their infants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinant and outcome of early diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants in southwest Ethiopia

Derebe¹,

Biadgilign²,

Trivelli³

et al. 2014

BMC Res Notes

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BackgroundPreventing mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) has been a fundamental advancement in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) response for the past decade. Several countries have made great strides in the efforts to prevent HIV through mother-to-child transmission. The objective of this study is to assess the determinant and outcome of early diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants in southwest Ethiopia.MethodsAn institutional based retrospective cohort study was conducted in a hospital. Medical records of HIV-exposed infants and their mothers enrolled into the program were reviewed. Data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 20 for Windows.ResultsA total of 426 HIV exposed infant-mother pairs where both mother and infants received a minimum ARV intervention for PMTCT were included in the study. Two hundred fifty-four (59.6%) of mothers had attended antenatal care (ANC). Of all participants, 234(54.9%) mothers did not receive any PMTCT prophylaxis during ANC, while only 104(24.4) received antiretroviral (ART) as PMTCT prophylaxis and 163(38.3%) claimed that did not observe any infant PMTCT interventions while 135(31.7%) of the infants received single-dose NVP + AZT. About 385(90.4%) infants were not infected at their final infection status. Those mothers who did not attended ANC follow-up, infants on mixed and complementary feeding and infants weaned off and mothers who were in WHO clinical stage III and IV were more likely to have HIV sero positive infant.ConclusionThis study showed that 385(90.4%) of the infants were not infected at their final infection status. Therefore, encouraging pregnant women to visit health facilities during their course of pregnancy, focusing on exclusive breast feeding counseling and promotion, and early initiation of antiretroviral treatment to HIV infected pregnant women are recommend.

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“…In this study, we estimated the incidence, prevalence, and examined the role of associated factors of HIV infection, among children exposed to maternal HIV, in Belgaum district in Karnataka state in India. Few studies have tried to assess the risk of MTCT of HIV [16–19] in India. They were either confined to a single facility or assessed the risk among urban dwellers only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, prevalence and associated factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, among children exposed to maternal HIV, in Belgaum district, Karnataka, India

et al. 2019

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Background India lacks data on the incidence of Paediatric HIV. In 2010, the Indian Council of Medical Research commissioned a task force study to estimate the paediatric HIV burden in Belgaum district, Karnataka, India. We estimated the HIV incidence, prevalence and associated risk factors of mother to child transmission of HIV among children exposed to maternal HIV by age 24 months. Methods We included Belgaum resident pregnant women who tested HIV positive between January 1st, 2011 and May 31st, 2013 and who provided consent. Their babies were tested for HIV at three time intervals using DNA PCR dry blood spot (DBS) method at 6–10 weeks and 6–9 months, and using Antibody tests at 18–24 months of age. We estimated cumulative incidence using survival analysis that considered censoring of cases and prevalence rates of HIV by age 24 months. Using competing-risk survival regression model, we examined the correlates of transmission of HIV among babies exposed to maternal HIV. Results Among 487 children of HIV positive mothers recruited in the study, the cumulative incidence rate by 24 months of age was 4.8 per 1000 person months [95% CI: 3.5–6.6]. The HIV prevalence rate among babies exposed to maternal HIV until 24 months was 7.8% [95% CI: 5.7–10.7]. Mother’s age above 30 years, and breastfeeding duration of more than six months were factors that significantly increased the HIV transmission; adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 6.98 [95% CI: 1.73–28.16] and 5.28 [95% CI, 1.75–15.90], respectively. The risk of MTCT was significantly reduced if both mother and baby had received Nevirapine at delivery [AHR 0.25; 95%CI: 0.10–0.61] and if either mother or baby had been given Nevirapine at delivery [AHR 0.12; 95%CI: 0.03–0.49]. Conclusion The study findings suggest that mother’s age above 30 years and breastfeeding beyond 26 weeks is associated with higher rates of HIV transmission from mother to child. It confirms the benefits of providing anti-retrovirals (Nevirapine) in reducing mother to child transmission of HIV. Effective strategies to promote safe infant feeding practices, including avoidance of mixed feeding beyond 26 weeks among HIV infected mothers, is critical to reduce incidence of paediatric HIV in India.

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Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV: An Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in India

Cited by 11 publications

References 10 publications

Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Services Into Village Health Clinics in Ntcheu, Malawi: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Integration of Early Infant Diagnosis of HIV Services Into Village Health Clinics in Ntcheu, Malawi: An Exploratory Qualitative Study

Determinant and outcome of early diagnosis of HIV infection among HIV-exposed infants in southwest Ethiopia

Incidence, prevalence and associated factors of mother-to-child transmission of HIV, among children exposed to maternal HIV, in Belgaum district, Karnataka, India

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