Early increase of carotid intima-media thickness in children with parental history of premature myocardial infarction

Barra, Silvia; Gaeta, Giovanni Battista; Cuomo, Sergio; Guarini, Pasquale; Foglia, M; Capozzi, Giovanbattista; Materazzi, Crescenzo; Trevisan, Maurizio

doi:10.1136/hrt.2008.142836

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We found preterm offspring of hypertensive pregnancies had, on average, a 0.15-mm greater carotid wall thickness compared with term controls. The levels of thickness in our term controls were equivalent to those previously reported in healthy young adults, 29 and the differences may in part be determined by the prematurity and higher levels of cardiovascular risk factors, such as blood pressure and lipids, which are well known to relate to carotid intima-media thickness in young adult life. However, there was also an Ϸ0.05-mm difference between normotensive and hypertensive preterm offspring in whom levels of risk factors were equivalent.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…However, there was also an Ϸ0.05-mm difference between normotensive and hypertensive preterm offspring in whom levels of risk factors were equivalent. This observation is novel, and the increase in carotid wall thickness is equivalent to that reported in young adults with a family history of cardiovascular disease 29,30 and 4 times that observed in young adult smokers. 49 The difference may be accounted for by the independent association between endothelial dysfunction and progression of carotid wall thickness.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…Post hoc analysis demonstrates that, in the final patient group, differences of 0.80 SD in carotid intima-media thickness, 1.90 SD in central SBP, 0.57 SD in flow-mediated dilatation, and 0.58 SD in pulse wave velocity were identified. 29,30 Normality of variables was assessed using both a Shapiro-Wilk test and visual assessment of normality curves. Because smoking has acute effects on functional vascular measures, 31 current smokers were excluded from analysis of associations with pulse wave velocity and flow-mediated dilatation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Blood Pressure in Offspring Born Premature to Hypertensive Pregnancy

et al. 2010

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Abstract-Offspring born to mothers with hypertensive pregnancy have higher childhood blood pressure. We hypothesized this relates to prenatally programmed differences in the underlying vascular pathophysiology of the offspring and that these would be most apparent in those born preterm because of severe hypertension. We carried out a 20-year follow-up study of 71 subjects born preterm, 19 to a hypertensive pregnancy and 52 to a normotensive pregnancy. Findings were compared with 38 subjects born at term to uncomplicated pregnancies. Peripheral and central blood pressures were measured, and then central arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity using applanation tonometry. Ultrasound was used to assess flow-mediated endothelial-dependent and independent brachial artery responses and common carotid artery intima-media thickness. Key Words: blood pressure Ⅲ preeclampsia Ⅲ endothelial function Ⅲ fetal programming Ⅲ prematurity D e novo onset hypertension affects 5% to 7% of all pregnancies 1 and is manifest as a spectrum of hypertensive complications ranging from gestational hypertension to severe preeclampsia. 2 Hypertensive pregnancy has 3,4 emerged as an independent risk factor for premature maternal cardiovascular disease, 1,5,6 and recently offspring of hypertensive pregnancies have also been found to be at greater risk of higher blood pressure in childhood 7-11 and stroke in later life. 12 Furthermore, the risk to the offspring is graded and greatest in those whose mothers had more severe hypertensive signs, such as early onset hypertension or preeclampsia. 12 Severe hypertensive pregnancy is commonly associated with premature delivery and intrauterine growth restriction. 13 Prematurity and growth restriction, in turn, have been independently linked with hypertension and cardiovascular complications in the offspring, 14 -16 and it is postulated that this is mediated through intrauterine conditions adversely affecting the development of the offspring vascular system. 17 Interestingly, despite both prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction leading to the same clinical sequelae of hypertension, the persistent underlying vascular phenotype appears to vary with, for example, only the term intrauterine growthrestricted offspring exhibiting endothelial dysfunction. 15,18 -20 Better understanding of the long-term changes in vascular pathophysiology related to different pregnancy complications may allow novel primary cardiovascular prevention strategies targeted at key aspects of vascular function. 21

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated Blood Pressure in Offspring Born Premature to Hypertensive Pregnancy

et al. 2010

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“…Studies comparing carotid intima-media thickness and aortic stiffness in normotensive children of hypertensive parents with children of normotensive parents revealed that carotid intimamedia thickness increased in both adolescents and young adults. [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][41][42][43][44] Evelein et al 27 found that carotid intima-media thickness was higher in children older than 5 years of age compared to controls, an increase that may be observed as early as at the age of 5. Xiang et al 26 evaluated 206 children aged 16 years and older from 69 hypertensive families and demonstrated that carotid intima-media thickness was increased, an increase that correlated with both age and Arterial features in children of hypertensive parents A Yildirim et al genetic factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Carotid intima-media thickness and elastic properties of aortas in normotensive children of hypertensive parents

et al. 2015

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A significant correlation between hypertension history and high blood pressure has been observed with regard to age, race and gender. Investigating carotid intima-media thickness and aortic stiffness prior to the development of hypertension in children of hypertensive parents enabled us to evaluate these patients for subclinical atherosclerosis. We compared carotid intima-media thickness, aortic strain, distensibility, stiffness indices and elastic modulus in 67 normotensive children whose parents had a diagnosis of essential hypertension and 39 normotensive children with no parental history of hypertension. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, average blood pressure and pulse pressure (P>0.05), systolic blood pressures were higher among patients 15 years and older in the study group. No significant differences were noted between the control and study groups regarding interventricular septal thickness, left-ventricular posterior wall thickness, left-ventricular systolic and diastolic diameter and aortic annulus diameter (P>0.05). The left atrium diameter was larger in the study group compared with that in the control group, mainly because of the values of the 15-year-old and older children (P=0.01). The mean, maximum and minimum values of carotid intima-media thickness were significantly different in the study group compared with the control group among all age groups (P<0.001, P<0.001, P=0.006, respectively). Aortic systolic and diastolic diameters were larger in normotensive children of hypertensive parents compared with the control group (P=0.014, P=0.001, respectively). Although there were no differences between the study and control groups regarding aortic strain, aortic distensibility, elastic modulus and stiffness indices (P>0.05), aortic distensibility was lower, and aortic stiffness indices were higher among children 15 years and older in the study group. An increase in the carotid intima-media thickness in all age groups and a decrease in aortic elastic properties in 15-year-old and older children of hypertensive parents may indicate subclinical atherosclerosis in these apparently healthy children.

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“…Although pediatric C-IMT does vary with height, weight, gender, blood pressure, and other cardiovascular biomarkers, childhood normal ranges have been published indicating a small increase over the first 20 years of life [16,17]. Corrected for other covariates, pediatric C-IMT is predictive of adult cardiovascular disease [18][19][20]. [4.2] This study establishes ultrasonographic evidence of carotid arterial wall thickening in this cohort of MPS patients compared to age, ethnicity, and gender-matched controls.…”

Section: [32] Carotid Intima-media Thickness and Echocardiographic Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carotid Intima-Media thickness is increased in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses

Wang

Covault

Dauben

et al. 2011

Molecular Genetics and Metabolism

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Early increase of carotid intima-media thickness in children with parental history of premature myocardial infarction

Cited by 33 publications

References 22 publications

Elevated Blood Pressure in Offspring Born Premature to Hypertensive Pregnancy

Elevated Blood Pressure in Offspring Born Premature to Hypertensive Pregnancy

Carotid intima-media thickness and elastic properties of aortas in normotensive children of hypertensive parents

Carotid Intima-Media thickness is increased in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses

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