Early hypergravity exposure effects calbindin-D28k and inositol-3-phosphate expression in Purkinje cells

Bouët, Valentine; Dijk, F; Ijkema‐Paassen, Jos; Wubbels, René J.; Want, J.J.L. van der; Gramsbergen, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2005.02.051

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Others showed that rats conceived, born, and reared in high gravity until P10 exhibited a delayed development of the air-righting reflex (Bouet et al, 2004), and this deficit correlated with a decrease in calbindin-D28k and inositol-3-phosphate labeling in PCs specifically in lobule IX (Bouet et al, 2005). A binge-like EtOH exposure via artificial rearing from P4 to P9 decreases PCs in lobules IX and X of the vermis (Marcussen et al, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester-equivalent increases expression of the GABAA receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats

et al. 2014

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Exposure to ethanol (EtOH) during fetal development can lead to long-lasting alterations, including deficits in fine motor skills and motor learning. Studies suggest that these are, in part, a consequence of cerebellar damage. Cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) are the gateway of information into the cerebellar cortex. Functionally, CGNs are heavily regulated by phasic and tonic GABAergic inhibition from Golgi cell interneurons; however, the effect of EtOH exposure on the development of GABAergic transmission in immature CGNs has not been investigated. To model EtOH exposure during the 3rd trimester-equivalent of human pregnancy, neonatal pups were exposed intermittently to high levels of vaporized EtOH from postnatal day (P) 2 to P12. This exposure gradually increased pup serum EtOH concentrations (SECs) to ~60 mM (~0.28 g/dl) during the 4 hours of exposure. EtOH levels gradually decreased to baseline 8 hrs after the end of exposure. Surprisingly, basal tonic and phasic GABAergic currents in CGNs were not significantly affected by postnatal alcohol exposure (PAE). However, PAE increased the expression of δ subunit expression at P28 as detected by immunohistochemical and western blot analyses. Also, electrophysiological studies with an agonist that is highly selective for δ-containing GABAA receptors, 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo[4,5-c]pyridine-3-ol (THIP), showed an increase in THIP-induced tonic current. Behavioral studies of PAE rats did not reveal any deficits in motor coordination, except for a delay in the acquisition of the mid-air righting reflex that was apparent at P15 to P18. These findings demonstrate that repeated intermittent exposure to high levels of EtOH during the equivalent of the last trimester of human pregnancy has significant but relatively subtle effects on motor coordination and GABAergic transmission in CGNs in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester-equivalent increases expression of the GABAA receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats

et al. 2014

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“…Experiments in which rats were conceived, born, and raised under hypergravity (2 G) showed that hypergravity induces biochemical changes in Purkinje cells in cerebellar lobules targeted by the vestibular projections prior to P10 -a time critical for the development of vestibulocerebellar connections (Bouet et al 2005).…”

Section: Cerebellar Development Under Altered Gravitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Sajdel-Sulkowska

2013

Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Life on Earth has developed under the influence of gravity and remains adapted to unit gravity. As different organisms evolved to survive optimally in water, ground, and air habitats, special adaptive mechanisms developed to deal with gravity. In humans and most land mammals, maintaining postural equilibrium requires constant integration of visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems to compensate for gravity. The gravity sensors located in the inner ear make connections to the eyes, vestibulocerebellum, and postural muscles. The vestibulocerebellum, due to direct connections with the vestibular gravity receptors, is the primary gravity response center. It is involved in spatial orientation and regulation of gait and, together with the spinocerebellum and pontocerebellum, plays an important role in motor control. Several cerebellar pathologies, including ataxias and dystonia in humans and animals, are characterized by altered gravity perception and affect posture, gait, and small motor coordination and timing. In space, where the gravitational sense of up and down diminishes, the vestibulocerebellar system must adapt and establish a new way to interpret the altered gravitational environment. This chapter explores cerebellar disorders in the context of altered interactions with Earth's gravity in humans and animal models and the reaction of astronauts to altered gravity in space (microgravity). This chapter also considers the effects of microgravity and

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“…It is a highly organized structure, in which the Purkinje cells (Pc) are the sole output of the cerebellar cortex (Altman, 1972), and it is one of the first structures of the brain to differentiate, however, it achieves its mature configuration many months after birth (Bouët et al, 2005). For this reason, the cerebellum is especially vulnerable to developmental irregularities (Kern & Jones, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenytoin-induced Toxicity in the Postnatal Developing Cerebellum of Wistar Rats, Effect of Calotropis procera on Histomorphometric Parameters

Imosemi

Osinubi

2011

Int. J. Morphol.

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. Phenytoin-induced toxicity in the postnatal developing cerebellum of Wistar rats, effect of Calotropis procera on histomorphometric parameters. Int. J. Morphol., 29(2):331-338, 2011. SUMMARY:The role of methanolic leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in phenytoin-induced toxicity on histomorphometric variables in the postnatal developing cerebellum of Wistar rat was studied. Pregnant rats were treated orally with 50 mg/kg phenytoin in pre and post natal life and 300 mg/kg methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera 1 hour prior to phenytoin administration. 200 mg/kg vitamin C (standard antioxidant) was also administered orally 1 hour prior to phenytoin treatment. The control animals received water. Standard diet of rat pellets and water were provided ad libitum. At the end of the experiment, the offspring of days 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 50 post partum, five per group were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. The cerebellum of all groups were dissected out and processed for histomorphometric studies. The results showed in the developing cerebellum of phenytoin treated animals, a delayed cell maturation in the external granular layer, reduction of the molecular layer, astrocytic gliosis and loss of Purkinje cells on day 50 postpartum. Administration of extracts of Calotropis procera and vitamin C though reversed these changes when compared with the phenytoin treated group, but not significantly when compared with the control. In conclusion, supplementation with methanolic extracts of Calotropis procera reduced the rate at which phenytoin induced toxicity in the postnatal developing cerebellum of Wistar rat.

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Early hypergravity exposure effects calbindin-D28k and inositol-3-phosphate expression in Purkinje cells

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester-equivalent increases expression of the GABAA receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats

Repeated intermittent alcohol exposure during the third trimester-equivalent increases expression of the GABAA receptor δ subunit in cerebellar granule neurons and delays motor development in rats

Cerebellum and Gravity: Altered Earth’s Gravity Perception Under Pathological Conditions and Response to Altered Gravity in Space

Phenytoin-induced Toxicity in the Postnatal Developing Cerebellum of Wistar Rats, Effect of Calotropis procera on Histomorphometric Parameters

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