Early Horizon camelid management practices in the Nepeña Valley, north-central coast of Peru

Szpak, Paul; Chicoine, David; Millaire, Jean-François; White, Christine D.; Parry, Rebecca; Longstaffe, Fred J.

doi:10.1179/1749631415y.0000000002

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…In this scenario, the camelids were kept in higher elevated grass pastures, but at relatively short distance from human settlements, and allowed to graze the stubble of maize fields after harvest. These isotopic results are similar to values obtained from camelid remains at other coastal sites (Szpak et al 2014b(Szpak et al , 2015, overlap with measured plant isotope values from northern Peru (Szpak et al 2013), and corroborate Shimada and Shimada's (1985) predictions of coastal camelid management. Fig.…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

“…Hence, camelids raised along the coast would have relatively higher δ 15 N values compared to those from the highlands (Thornton et al 2011), with observed differences of 4-6‰ (Szpak et al 2013). However, maize cultivated in the coastal irrigated fields also exhibits δ 15 N values comparable to highland plants (Szpak et al 2015). In addition, lomas plants tend to exhibit relatively high δ 15 N values between 6 and 12‰ (Evans and Ehleringer 1994; Thornton et al (Szpak et al 2012(Szpak et al , 2014a.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Patterns of camelid management in Wari Empire reconstructed using multiple stable isotope analysis: evidence from Castillo de Huarmey, northern coast of Peru

Tomczyk

Giersz

Sołtysiak

et al. 2018

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Camelid management was a major part of the Wari Empire's (ca. AD 600-1050) economy; however, it is uncertain whether camelid husbandry was centrally regulated or locally managed. To address this problem, we applied combined isotope ratio analyses (δ Pb) to camelid remains from Castillo de Huarmey, a Wari administrative center along the northern Peruvian coast. Results support a mostly local herding scenario, but Sr isotopes indicate that at least three animals were non-local and most likely came from the highlands. Compared to data from two contemporary Wari sites, Cerro Baul and Conchopata, bimodal distribution of δ 13C values suggest that regardless of the distinctive geographical and ecological location of these sites, two distinct foddering strategies were practiced, based on only C 3 plant diet, or intermixed C 3 / C 4 plants diet. Our data support a dimorphic husbandry model with some herds engaged in grazing on the maize stubble and some herds operating outside arable areas, possibly indicative of short-distance seasonal transhumance. The presence of non-local animals at Castillo de Huarmey underscores the site's importance with respect to developed trade networks between the coast and the highlands.

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supporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of camelid management in Wari Empire reconstructed using multiple stable isotope analysis: evidence from Castillo de Huarmey, northern coast of Peru

Tomczyk

Giersz

Sołtysiak

et al. 2018

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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“…A paucity of relevant data make the origins of coastal camelid husbandry unclear, but it may have originated during the Early Horizon (Szpak et al . ). The presence of coastal camelids, however, does not necessarily equate with a local supply of fine fibre for textile manufacture on the coast as alpacas, which would have produced the finest wool (Antonini ), are believed to have been particularly ill‐suited to the coastal environment (Topic et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Stable Isotope Sourcing of Wool from Textiles at Pacatnamú

et al. 2018

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions were determined for wool textiles from the Lambayeque (c. AD 1100-1320) occupation at Pacatnamú in the Jequetepeque Valley, northern Peru. The isotopic data demonstrate that the wool was not obtained via long-distance exchange with the highlands and was most probably derived from locally raised camelids. In light of other lines of evidence (diversity of dyes used to produce the same colours in textiles and the low quality of the weaving), textiles at Pacatnamú appear not to have been as effective a marker of political power and prestige for local elites as they were elsewhere in the Andean region.

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“…Innovations in irrigation technologies, farming practices and commensal politics, in particular the brewing of maize beer in unprecedented quantities (Chicoine ; Ikehara, Paipay, and Shibata ), as well as the introduction of camelids in local exchange economies (Szpak et al . ), among other things, support this assertion. In such a dynamic sociopolitical landscape, neighborhoods might have emerged as meaningful residential units anchoring urban‐hinterland social and economic ties, while providing geographic proximity to mitigate the political authority of different regional factions.…”

Section: Urbanization Processes In Early Horizon Nepeñamentioning

confidence: 61%

6 Gated Communities, Neighborhoods, and Modular Living at the Early Horizon Urban Center of Caylán, Peru

Chicoine

Whitten

2019

Archaeological Papers of the American

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This paper examines the shift to enclosed forms of residence and modular living in the context of emerging urbanism during the Early Horizon in the Nepeña Valley, north-central coast of Peru. During the local Nepeña phase (800-450 cal BCE), complex agrarian groups living in the lower portion of the coastal drainage interrupt constructions at ceremonial centers of the Chavín and Cupinisque religious traditions and relocate on the valley margins, most notably at Caylán (800-1 cal BCE). Regional data suggest that religio-political turmoil and increased conflicts played a significant role in the nucleation of human groups. Indeed, the following Samanco phase (450-150 cal BCE) is associated with the construction of extensive defensive structures and the relocation of human populations. Architectural data point to the existence of more than 40 gated complexes at Caylán. Based on preliminary excavation data, those are interpreted as multifunctional residences. This paper offers an empirical case study to evaluate the usefulness and flexibility of the concept of neighborhood in the context of co-resident gated communities. By examining the layout and planning of the Caylán settlement, and the architecture and spatial variability of its multifamily compounds, we consider potential forms of household, community, and neighborhood organizations. Based on excavation data and demographic estimations we explore the heuristic value of the concept of neighborhood to understand face-to-face interactions between members of the different gated communities. We suggest that those communities might be comparable to the house societies of anthropological literature. Regional data, meanwhile, suggest that groups merging at Caylán maintained hinterland connections including with agrarian and maritime communities. [Early Horizon, Peru, Urbanism, Spatial syntax, Neighborhood]

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Early Horizon camelid management practices in the Nepeña Valley, north-central coast of Peru

Cited by 39 publications

References 69 publications

Patterns of camelid management in Wari Empire reconstructed using multiple stable isotope analysis: evidence from Castillo de Huarmey, northern coast of Peru

Patterns of camelid management in Wari Empire reconstructed using multiple stable isotope analysis: evidence from Castillo de Huarmey, northern coast of Peru

Stable Isotope Sourcing of Wool from Textiles at Pacatnamú

6 Gated Communities, Neighborhoods, and Modular Living at the Early Horizon Urban Center of Caylán, Peru

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