Early growth hormone (GH) treatment promotes relevant motor functional improvement after severe frontal cortex lesion in adult rats

Heredia, Margarita; Fuente, Antonio de la; Criado, Julio J.; Yajeya, Javier; Devesa, Jesús; Riolobos, Adelaida Sánchez

doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2013.03.012

Cited by 34 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The existence of important neurogenic (and neurotrophic) actions of GH in the adult brain has been demonstrated both in humans and laboratory animals [16–21]. Furthermore, GH has been shown to potentiate the neurogenesis induced in response to brain injury [22–24], thus leading to the possibility of using the hormone in the treatment of some neural diseases. However, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the neurogenic actions of GH, although they may depend, at least in part, on the stimulation of the proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural precursors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone pathways signaling for cell proliferation and survival in hippocampal neural precursors from postnatal mice

et al. 2014

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BackgroundAccumulating evidence suggests that growth hormone (GH) may play a major role in the regulation of postnatal neurogenesis, thus supporting the possibility that it may be also involved in promoting brain repair after brain injury. In order to gain further insight on this possibility, in this study we have investigated the pathways signaling the effect of GH treatment on the proliferation and survival of hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ)-derived neurospheres.ResultsOur results demonstrate that GH treatment promotes both proliferation and survival of SGZ neurospheres. By using specific chemical inhibitors we have been also able to demonstrate that GH treatment promotes the activation of both Akt-mTOR and JNK signaling pathways, while blockade of these pathways either reduces or abolishes the GH effects. In contrast, no effect of GH on the activation of the Ras-ERK pathway was observed after GH treatment, despite blockade of this signaling path also resulted in a significant reduction of GH effects. Interestingly, SGZ cells were also capable of producing GH, and blockade of endogenous GH also resulted in a decrease in the proliferation and survival of SGZ neurospheres.ConclusionsAltogether, our findings suggest that GH treatment may promote the proliferation and survival of neural progenitors. This effect may be elicited by cooperating with locally-produced GH in order to increase the response of neural progenitors to adequate stimuli. On this view, the possibility of using GH treatment to promote neurogenesis and cell survival in some acquired neural injuries may be envisaged.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth hormone pathways signaling for cell proliferation and survival in hippocampal neural precursors from postnatal mice

et al. 2014

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“…On the basis of this work, it is the ongoing interaction of the organism and the environment that guides brain development, 51 which means that it is also plausible that GH produces its positive effects by a direct action on the motor cortex. 52 In a recent mouse study it was found that GH influences neurogenesis and brain plasticity (synapse maturation); however also in this study, the mice were trained before and after the lesion developed. 52,53 On the basis of our study and the mouse studies it can be concluded that GH influences muscle growth and neurogenesis and both will lead to a positive influence of the interaction of the organism with the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…52 In a recent mouse study it was found that GH influences neurogenesis and brain plasticity (synapse maturation); however also in this study, the mice were trained before and after the lesion developed. 52,53 On the basis of our study and the mouse studies it can be concluded that GH influences muscle growth and neurogenesis and both will lead to a positive influence of the interaction of the organism with the environment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Growth Hormone Therapy, Muscle Thickness, and Motor Development in Prader-Willi Syndrome: An RCT

Reus

Pillen

Pelzer³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Infants with Prader-Willi syndrome suffer from hypotonia, muscle weakness, and motor developmental delay and have increased fat mass combined with decreased muscle mass. Growth hormone improves body composition and motor development.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Ultrasound scans confirmed decreased muscle thickness in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome, which improved as result of growth hormone treatment. Muscle thickness was correlated to muscle strength and motor performance. Catch-up growth in muscle thickness was related to muscle use independent of growth hormone. abstract OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of physical training combined with growth hormone (GH) on muscle thickness and its relationship with muscle strength and motor development in infants with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS). METHODS:In a randomized controlled trial, 22 infants with PWS (12.9 6 7.1 months) were followed over 2 years to compare a treatment group (n = 10) with a waiting-list control group (n = 12). Muscle thickness of 4 muscle groups was measured by using ultrasound. Muscle strength was evaluated by using the Infant Muscle Strength meter. Motor performance was measured with the Gross Motor Function Measurement. Analyses of variance were used to evaluate between-group effects of GH on muscle thickness at 6 months and to compare pre-and posttreatment (after 12 months of GH) values. Multilevel analyses were used to evaluate effects of GH on muscle thickness over time, and multilevel bivariate analyses were used to test relationships between muscle thickness, muscle strength, and motor performance. RESULTS:A significant positive effect of GH on muscle thickness (P , .05) was found. Positive relationships were found between muscle thickness and muscle strength (r = 0.61, P , .001), muscle thickness and motor performance (r = 0.81, P , .001), and muscle strength and motor performance (r = 0.76, P , .001).CONCLUSIONS: GH increased muscle thickness, which was related to muscle strength and motor development in infants with PWS. Catch-up growth was faster in muscles that are most frequently used in early development. Because this effect was independent of GH, it suggests a training effect.

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“…During the post-acute period these hormones also improve the lost cognitive functions; specific neurostimulation, including EINA, is of great help for enhancing the neuroregenerative effects of GH and facilitating the creation of new neuronal circuits that would replace the lost ones after the SAH, perhaps because facilitating brain plasticity, as we recently demonstrated in rats treated with GH after a severe frontal motor cortex ablation [36,64].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…GH plays a key role in neural development [34] and also exerts important neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects [24,26,27,[34][35][36][37]. Particularly, the hormone plays a significant role at the cognitive level [25][26][27][38][39][40][41][42][43][44], even in the case that no GH-deficiency exists.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Evolution of a Patient Who Suffered a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Eight Years Ago, after Being Treated with Growth Hormone, Melatonin and Neurorehabilitation

Quintana¹,

Agra²,

Outeiral³

et al. 2018

Reports

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Abstract:To describe the cognitive evolution of a patient who suffered a subarachnoid haemorrhage resulting in a total loss of his cognitive functions. The patient was initially treated with GH (0.8 mg/day), melatonin (50 mg/day) and neurorehabilitation 1 year after his brain damage, during 3 months. Then continued with GH (0.5 mg/day, 6 months/year, during 2 years) and melatonin treatments and neurorehabilitation (3 days/week). 5 years later the patient came back to our Centre due to the absence of recent memory and personal and spatio-temporal orientation and he received an intensive specific neurorehabilitation, including EINA (Auditory Stimulation and Neurosensory Integration), together with GH (0.8 mg/day) and melatonin, for 6 months. At discharge of his first treatment period cognitive functions showed very poor changes but these had been improved when he came back 5 years later. A review carried out 8 years after SHA demonstrated that the patient significantly recovered in all the cognitive functions and he was able to live an independent life. GH plays a key role on cognition, including its actions on recent memory. Melatonin, in turn, helps as a neuroprotective agent. A specific neurostimulation must be performed so that the effects of GH can be expressed. Within neurostimulation, EINA seems to play a very important role for enhancing the effects of medical and rehabilitative treatments on brain plasticity.

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Early growth hormone (GH) treatment promotes relevant motor functional improvement after severe frontal cortex lesion in adult rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 73 publications

Growth hormone pathways signaling for cell proliferation and survival in hippocampal neural precursors from postnatal mice

Growth hormone pathways signaling for cell proliferation and survival in hippocampal neural precursors from postnatal mice

Growth Hormone Therapy, Muscle Thickness, and Motor Development in Prader-Willi Syndrome: An RCT

Cognitive Evolution of a Patient Who Suffered a Subarachnoid Haemorrhage Eight Years Ago, after Being Treated with Growth Hormone, Melatonin and Neurorehabilitation

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