Early growth and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adulthood—the NAFLD liver fat score and equation applied on the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Sandboge, Samuel; Perälä, Mia-Maria; Salonen, Minna K.; Blomstedt, Paul; Osmond, Clive; Kajantie, Eero; Barker, D. J. P.; Eriksson, Johan G.

doi:10.3109/07853890.2013.801275

Cited by 100 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Another study found several measures of birth and childhood body size to be inversely related to NAFLD outcomes in a group of 1587 individuals from the Helsinki Birth Cohort. Similar to our findings, the same study also reported positive associations of conditional weight growth from 2 to 11 years with NAFLD outcomes, however, once adult BMI was adjusted for, coefficients became negative [13].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…However, more recent evidence from the ALSPAC cohort suggests that weight gain most proximal to the cardiometabolic outcomes is more strongly associated with these outcomes compared with weight gain earlier in life [11,12]. One previous study reported positive associations of conditional weight growth from ages 0–11 years with NAFLD outcomes, with associations from age 2 years attenuating after adjustment for adult BMI [13]. Another study reported a higher prevalence of NAFLD in children born small for gestational age who experienced rapid catch-up growth in the first year of life, compared to appropriate for gestational age controls [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Weight trajectories through infancy and childhood and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescence: The ALSPAC study

Anderson

Howe

Fraser

et al. 2014

Journal of Hepatology

113

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Background & AimsAdiposity is a key risk factor for NAFLD. Few studies have examined prospective associations of infant and childhood adiposity with subsequent NAFLD risk. We examined associations of weight-for-height trajectories from birth to age 10 with liver outcomes in adolescence, and assessed the extent to which associations are mediated through fat mass at the time of outcome assessment.MethodsIndividual trajectories of weight and height were estimated for participants in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children using random-effects linear-spline models. Associations of birthweight (adjusted for birth length) and weight change (adjusted for length/height change) from 0–3 months, 3 months–1 y, 1–3 y, 3–7 y, and 7–10 y with ultrasound scan (USS) determined liver fat and stiffness, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) at mean age 17.8 y were assessed with linear and logistic regressions. Mediation by concurrent fat mass was assessed with adjustment for fat mass at mean age 17.8 y.ResultsBirth weight was positively associated with liver stiffness and negatively with ALT and AST. Weight change from birth to 1 y was not associated with outcomes. Weight change from 1–3 y, 3–7 y, and 7–10 y was consistently positively associated with USS and blood-based liver outcomes. Adjusting for fat mass at mean age 17.8 y attenuated associations toward the null, suggesting associations are largely mediated by concurrent body fatness.ConclusionsGreater rates of weight-for-height change between 1 y and 10 y are consistently associated with adverse liver outcomes in adolescence. These associations are largely mediated through concurrent fatness.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight trajectories through infancy and childhood and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescence: The ALSPAC study

Anderson

Howe

Fraser

et al. 2014

Journal of Hepatology

113

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“…Previous studies reported associations between small body size at birth and risk factors for NAFLD in adulthood [26,27], but associations with preterm birth were not investigated. Some studies showed an association between preterm birth and waist circumference, a component of the FLI, but none of these studies investigated any associations with the FLI [28,29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm

2015

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Background: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Accelerated catch-up in weight during infancy in subjects born at full term has been associated with increased risk for NAFLD in adulthood, but this association has not been studied in subjects born preterm. Methods: In 162 young adults born at a gestational age <36 weeks, we assessed the associations between fatty liver index (FLI, 0-100) and birth weight standard deviation score and first-year weight gain. We performed comparisons between subjects with and without accelerated catch-up in weight in the first year after term age. An FLI score was assigned to each participant to determine the clinical relevance, and regression analyses were performed. Results: Accelerated weight gain in the first 3 months after term age was associated with FLI as a continuous variable, whereas gestational age and low birth weight were not. Of the subjects with accelerated catch-up in weight-for-length after term age, 7.3% had a high FLI at the age of 21 years, whereas none of the subjects without accelerated catch-up in weight had a high FLI. Conclusion: Our study shows that accelerated weight gain after term age is associated with an increased risk of developing NAFLD in young adults born preterm.

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“…We have previously studied the prevalence of NAFLD in the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study (HBCS) from a developmental origins of health and disease perspective (15). In that study, we used an algorithm test, the NAFLD liver fat score and equation (16), to define NAFLD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher fructose intake is inversely associated with risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in older Finnish adults

Kanerva¹,

Sandboge²,

Kaartinen³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: High fructose intake has been suggested to be a key factor that induces nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), but the evidence from large epidemiologic studies is lacking. Objective: We examined the cross-sectional association between fructose intake and NAFLD by using the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) and the NAFLD liver fat score. Trained study nurses measured weight, height, and waist circumference, and body mass index was calculated. Laboratory staff drew fasting blood for measurements of triglycerides and g-glutamyl-transferase. The FLI and the NAFLD liver fat score were calculated on the basis of these measurements. Habitual fructose and other dietary intake over the past year were assessed by using validated and standardized 131-item food-frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed in a cross-sectional manner by using logistic regression modeling with statistical software. Results: In a model adjusted for age, sex, and energy intake, participants in the highest fructose intake quartile (range: 29.2-88.0 g/d) had lower risk of NAFLD assessed by using the FLI (OR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.75; P-trend , 0.001) and NAFLD liver fat score (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.53, 0.99; P-trend , 0.001) than that of the lowest intake quartile (range: 2.2-15.2 g/d). This association remained after adjustment for educational attainment, smoking, physical activity, and other dietary variables only for the FLI (OR: 0.68; 95% CI: 0.47, 0.84; P-trend , 0.05). Conclusion: Our cross-sectional results did not support the current hypothesis that high intake of fructose is associated with a higher prevalence of NAFLD as assessed by using the FLI and NAFLD liver fat score.

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Early growth and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adulthood—the NAFLD liver fat score and equation applied on the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study

Abstract: A larger childhood body size was negatively associated with NAFLD outcomes. Individuals who are small during early childhood and obese as adults seem to be at the highest risk of developing NAFLD.

Cited by 100 publications

References 43 publications

Weight trajectories through infancy and childhood and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescence: The ALSPAC study

Weight trajectories through infancy and childhood and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescence: The ALSPAC study

Risk for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Adults Born Preterm

Higher fructose intake is inversely associated with risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in older Finnish adults

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