Early follow-up and treatment recommendations for isolated calf deep venous thrombosis

Singh, Kuldeep; Yakoub, Danny; Giangola, Paul; DeCicca, Michael; Patel, Chirag; Marzouk, Farouk; Giangola, Gary

doi:10.1016/j.jvs.2011.07.088

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Ultrasound studies have revealed that in up to 17–33% of all DVT patients the problems originate from calf veins and can cause PE [7,10]. Thus, early diagnosis of isolated calf vein thrombosis is essential, as it may prevent the propagation of thrombosis from calves to thighs and subsequent PE, and decrease the risk of serious long-term complications that are associated with the condition [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pulsatility Index of Popliteal Artery in Patients with Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis: A Novel Technique for Detecting Thrombosis

et al. 2018

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SummaryBackgroundTo investigate the usefulness of popliteal artery spectral doppler findings as a complimentary approach to isolated calf vein thrombosis (DVT).Material/MethodsWe included consecutive patients presenting with symptomatic and sonographically proven acute isolated calf DVT. Patients with thrombosis of any other vein were excluded. We classified calf vein into into four main types. We investigated how many of these four vessels had DVT and compared them with respect to the pulsatility index (PI) value of the popliteal artery.ResultsWe evaluated spectral doppler characteristics of the popliteal artery on the same side as the isolated calf vein thrombosis as well as on the opposite side. The relationship between PI values of the popliteal artery and the number of thrombosed calf veins was investigated. In patients with 1 and/or 2 thrombosed veins, the mean PI was 6.03±0.54 on the side of cDVT and 5.68±0.39 on the opposite side (p=0.008), respectively. Inpatients with 3 and/or 4 thrombosed veins, the mean PI was 8.05±0.61 on the side of cDVT and 6.34±0.47 on the opposite side (p=0.001), respectively.ConclusionsVenous doppler sonography for the evaluation of calf DVT may be limited by patient characteristics such as obesity, edema, and tenderness., Arterial PI can be used as a complimentary technique for the detection of venous thrombosis in such of cases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrasonography is the method of choice in patients with suspected DVT due to its noninvasive nature, high sensitivity and specivicity in symptomatic patients, wide availability, portability, and low cost [7]. In contrast to other areas of DVT, the accuracy of US imaging in the detection of calf DVT is highly variable [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulsatility Index of Popliteal Artery in Patients with Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis: A Novel Technique for Detecting Thrombosis

et al. 2018

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“…22 Similarly, a study showed a recanalization rate of 50% for 115 muscular DVT at 4 weeks, 6 and a study on both muscular and axial DVT showed a recanalization rate of 41% within 1e3 months. 10 It has to be noted that guidelines suggest a 12 week treatment for CDVT, 17 and an ultrasound at 12 weeks from CDVT diagnosis was not performed. The recanalization rate may be higher at 12 weeks and in one of the few randomized trials on therapy of symptomatic CDVT, thrombus recanalization at 3 months was seen in 66% of cases in the heparin group and in 60% of cases in the placebo group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound Characteristics of Calf Deep Vein Thrombosis and Residual Vein Obstruction After Low Molecular Weight Heparin Treatment

Sartori

Lessiani²,

Favaretto

et al. 2016

European Journal of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery

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“…Additionally, the NRCT included more patients with cancer and immobilization than the RCT (21.4 % vs. 4.7 % and 26.2 % vs. 17.8 %, respectively) [14,15]. Cancer and immobilization have both been found to be signifi cantly associated with a higher risk of proximal progression in patients with isolated distal DVT [13,28]. Cancer is also an important factor, associated with a signifi cantly higher mortality rate after three months of follow-up and a higher VTE recurrence rate after two years of follow-up in patients with isolated distal DVT [29,30].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy and safety of therapeutic anticoagulation for the treatment of isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis

Huang

Wang

et al. 2016

Vasa

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Summary:Background: Diverse treatment suggestions range from monitoring with duplex examinations to therapeutic anticoagulation (TA) for managing isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis (ICMVT). However, the small sample sizes and low-level evidence provided by most studies in the literature mean that the benefi ts of promising new treatment protocols are unclear. Hence, this meta-analysis is intended to assess the effi cacy and safety of TA for patients with ICMVT. Patients and methods: Articles comparing TA with no anticoagulation (NA) or no therapeutic anticoagulation (NTA) in patients with ICMVT were collected from PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science. The risk ratio (RR) and 95 % confi dence interval (95 % CI) were generated for each outcome of interest. The data were pooled using a random-effects or fi xedeffects model to evaluate differences in outcomes between the TA and control groups. Results: Five of 377 initially identifi ed papers were included. One randomized controlled trial, one non-randomized controlled trial and three retrospective cohort studies (a total of 744 patients, 390 in the TA group and the remaining 354 in the NA or NTA group) were included in this meta-analysis. The occurrence of thrombosis progression was signifi cantly less frequent in those who received TA compared with those receiving NTA (RR = 0.33, 95 % CI 0.20 to 0.54, p < 0.01). The rate of complete recanalization was higher, albeit not signifi cantly, in the TA group than in the NTA group (RR = 1.96, 95 % CI 1.01 to 3.80, p = 0.05). None of the pooled outcomes were signifi cantly different when comparing the TA and NA groups. Conclusions: This study suggests that TA may result in a signifi cant reduction in the rate of thrombosis progression and a marginally signifi cant increase in the rate of complete recanalization for patients with ICMVT. Further studies are needed to confi rm these fi ndings and clarify whether the benefi ts of TA outweigh the potential harm.

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Early follow-up and treatment recommendations for isolated calf deep venous thrombosis

Cited by 49 publications

References 17 publications

Pulsatility Index of Popliteal Artery in Patients with Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis: A Novel Technique for Detecting Thrombosis

Pulsatility Index of Popliteal Artery in Patients with Isolated Calf Vein Thrombosis: A Novel Technique for Detecting Thrombosis

Ultrasound Characteristics of Calf Deep Vein Thrombosis and Residual Vein Obstruction After Low Molecular Weight Heparin Treatment

Efficacy and safety of therapeutic anticoagulation for the treatment of isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis - a systematic review and meta-analysis

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