Early feeding factors associated with exclusive versus partial human milk feeding in neonates receiving intensive care

Abstract

Objective To evaluate early feeding factors associated with exclusive human milk (EHM) feeding at discharge in a cohort of human milk fed infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Study Design Retrospective cohort of consecutively discharged infants from two NICUs over a 12 month period who received any human milk during the 24 hours prior to hospital discharge. We used logistic regression to evaluate early feeding factors associated with EHM feeding at discharge. Results We evaluated a total of 264 infants. EHM-fed infants were twice as likely to receive human milk at the first feeding compared to partial human milk fed infants (65% vs. 32%; P<0.01). In multivariable analysis, including adjustment for race and type of maternal insurance, infants receiving human milk as the initial feeding, compared to formula, had a greater odds of EHM feeding at hospital discharge (adjusted OR 3.41; 95% CI 1.82–6.39; P<0.001). Conclusion Among infants admitted to the NICU whose mothers provide human milk, those receiving human milk as the first feeding were more likely to receive EHM feeding at discharge.

Factors associated with breastfeeding intent among mothers of newborn babies in Da Nang, Viet Nam

“…Early initiation of breastfeeding is associated with significantly reduced neonatal mortality [ 22 ], and breastfeeding in general with reduced under-5 mortality [ 3 ], mediated by less acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malnutrition [ 2 , 23 ]. Delayed breastfeeding initiation often leads to non-exclusive breastfeeding [ 24 , 25 ]. In Viet Nam, the use of infant formula during the first 3 days of life has been associated with early breastfeeding cessation even in mothers who were able to establish breastfeeding [ 26 ].…”

The Association of Low Social Support with Breast Milk Expression in Low-Income Mother–Preterm Infant Dyads

“…[1][2][3][4][5] Mothers who fail to initiate or continue breast milk expression in hospital are unlikely to continue breast milk feedings at home with their premature infants. 56 Our findings highlight the importance of understanding the mother's sources and level of social support as well as her intent to breastfeed, both of which are critical indicators of the mother's potential for maintaining success with lactation. Interventions designed to enhance social support for mothers of premature infants, particularly during their infant's hospitalization and transition to home, may increase breast milk expression during the infant's hospital stay and long-term breastfeeding success.…”

Pasteurized Donor Human Milk Use in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…(31) Cost containment has also been reviewed to be beneficial despite the cost of purchasing donor milk related to reduction in length of stay of the preterm infants receiving PDHM. (32) A Sample Feeding Strategy for PDHM…”