Early evolution of colonial animals (Ediacaran Evolutionary Radiation–Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation–Great Ordovician Biodiversification Interval)

Landing, Ed; Antcliffe, Jonathan B.; Geyer, Gerd; Kouchinsky, Artem; Bowser, Samuel S.; Andreas, Amanda

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2018.01.013

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Yet there are no experiments on Cnidaria to assess this hypothesis or to explore the role of decay in cnidarians more broadly. This is crucial because identifying the earliest cnidarian fossils in many ways encapsulates the difficulties of resolving the first appearance of the Metazoa in the fossil record, with many possible candidate fossils but few that possess absolutely compelling and definitive characters (Landing et al,). Understanding the decay pathways that operate on cnidarian carcasses can help us to refine our search criteria for their earliest fossil representatives.…”

Section: Cnidarians and Decay Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed many of the modern anthozoan orders do not appear until much later, even in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic (Antcliffe & Brasier, ; Scrutton, ; Stanley Jr, ). The earliest of the modern anthozoan orders to appear in the fossil record do so during a great burst of diversity in the Ordovician, perhaps related to increasing coloniality in the Cnidaria (Landing et al, ). Even the great Palaeozoic cnidarian orders, the Tabulata and Rugosa, do not appear before the Ordovician (Landing et al, ; Scrutton, ).…”

Section: Comparison To the Fossil Record Of Soft‐bodied Cnidariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Cambrian Period contains only a very low diversity of cnidarians that can be confidently ascribed to major modern groups, particularly at the ordinal level (Landing et al, 2018;Scrutton, 1997;Stanley Jr, 2003). Of what can be confidently ascribed to a modern group, all are medusozoans, which are abundant and well documented even in the lower Cambrian (Dong et al, 2013;Duan et al, 2017;Zhao & Bengtson, 1999).…”

Section: Comparison To the Foss Il Record Of Sof T-bodied Cnidariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anoxia can increase the rate of decay for cnidarian tissue: UsingActinia equinato understand the early fossil record

Hancy

Antcliffe

2020

Geobiology

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An experimental decay methodology is developed for a cnidarian model organism to serve as a comparison to the many previous such studies on bilaterians. This allows an examination of inherent bias against the fossilisation of cnidarian tissue and their diagnostic characters, under what conditions these occur, and in what way. The decay sequence of Actinia equina was examined under a series of controlled conditions. These experiments show that cnidarian decay begins with an initial rupturing of the epidermis, followed by rapid loss of recognisable internal morphological characters. This suggests that bacteria work quicker on the epidermis than autolysis does on the internal anatomy. The data also show that diploblastic tissue is not universally decayed more slowly under anoxic or reducing conditions than under oxic conditions. Indeed, some cnidarian characters decay more rapidly under anoxic conditions than they do under oxic conditions. This suggests the decay pathways acting may be different to those affecting soft bilaterian tissue such as soft epidermis and internal organs. What is most important in the decay of soft polyp anatomy is the microbial community, which can be dominated by oxic or anoxic bacteria. Different Lagerstätte, even of the same type, will inevitably have subtle difference in their bacterial communities, which among other factors, could be a control on soft polyp preservation leading to either an absence of compelling soft anthozoans (Burgess Shale) or an astonishing abundance (Qingjiang biota).

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Section: Cnidarians and Decay Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To the Fossil Record Of Soft‐bodied Cnidariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison To the Foss Il Record Of Sof T-bodied Cnidariansmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anoxia can increase the rate of decay for cnidarian tissue: UsingActinia equinato understand the early fossil record

Hancy

Antcliffe

2020

Geobiology

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“…Zhao and colleagues [8] suggest a plausible evolutionary scenario for the emergence of the highly derived ctenophores by taking a comprehensive approach drawing on multiple fossils from several localities and styles of preservation. This approach follows other recent studies focused on the palaeontological chronicle of different animal phyla, in particular sponges, cnidarians and arthropods [15][16][17]. These studies are converging on a stable timeline for the Cambrian explosion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 91%

“…These studies are converging on a stable timeline for the Cambrian explosion. Stem lineages diversified during the Cambrian, leading to the construction of the modern crown groups, and originated no earlier than the very end of the preceding Ediacaran period, approximately 550 million years ago [8,[15][16][17][18]. As is the case with the arthropods, cnidarians and sponges, putative ctenophore fossils from the Ediacaran period were reexamined, and their ctenophore affinities rejected by Zhao and colleagues [8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Evolution: The Battle of the First Animals

Daley

Antcliffe

2019

Current Biology

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Lophotrochozoa in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation and the Pelagiella problem

Landing

Geyer

Jirkov

et al. 2021

Papers in Palaeontology

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Tiny snail-like conchs of Pelagiella Matthew are important in discussions of lophotrochozoan and mollusc origins in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation (CER). The limited morphological features of Pelagiella conchs have led to the 'Pelagiella problem': (1) poorly distinguished Pelagiella species; (2) an exceptional genus range across all Cambrian palaeocontinents and climate belts; (3) an unparalleled genus-lifespan (c. 31 myr) in the early Palaeozoic; and (4)the assumption that all Pelagiella spp. are gastropods, which compromises lophotrochozoan and mollusc phylogenies. The type species P. atlantoides is a gastropod, but we show that so-called Pelagiella species with sub-to-triangular apertures and turbiniform conchs are not referable to the genus. Reevaluation of spectacular specimens of Pelagiella exigua Resser & Howell show it to be a polychaete with two apertural paleal chaetae fan arrays. Given that some modern sedentary polychaetes have paleal fan arrays, P. exigua is regarded as a likely member of the Sabellida Levinsen and is assigned to Pseudopelagiella gen. nov. Other Pelagiella spp. and forms with similar conchs are probably polychaetes not relevant to syntheses of early mollusc diversification. Pelagiellidae fam. nov. should be restricted to the late early Cambrian (c. 508 Ma) P. atlantoides. Pseudopelagiella exigua was unattached, probably benthic and lived with the apical conch surface on the sea floor, a mode of life similar to that of another family of the Sabellida, the sessile spirorbids that are cemented to substrate. Among numerous crown groups, the late early Cambrian eve of the CER included the polychaete Pseudopelagiella exigua and gastropod P. atlantoides.

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Early evolution of colonial animals (Ediacaran Evolutionary Radiation–Cambrian Evolutionary Radiation–Great Ordovician Biodiversification Interval)

Cited by 44 publications

References 183 publications

Anoxia can increase the rate of decay for cnidarian tissue: UsingActinia equinato understand the early fossil record

Anoxia can increase the rate of decay for cnidarian tissue: UsingActinia equinato understand the early fossil record

Evolution: The Battle of the First Animals

Lophotrochozoa in the Cambrian evolutionary radiation and the Pelagiella problem

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