“…Recent studies have found that SFAS 161 disclosures resulted in less asymmetry of information for investors (Steffen, 2022), an increase in stock liquidity (Chen, Dou, & Zou, 2021), and a better user understanding of the effects of derivative and hedging operations on future firm performance, and less mispricing by investors (Campbell, Khan, & Pierce, 2021). Troyer, Johnston, and Trimble (2023) find that derivative disclosure practices decreased after the implementation of ASU 2017-12 (Topic 815). This standard update aims to better align hedge accounting with an organization's risk management activities in terms of its financial statements.…”