Early evidence and predictors of mental distress of adults one month in the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Zhang, Stephen X.; Wang, Yifei; Jahanshahi, Asghar Afshar; Li, Jizhen; Schmitt, Valentina Gomes Haensel

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2021.110366

Cited by 29 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Furthermore, we found gender differences in the mild/moderate distress range (17.92% and 82.07% for men and women, respectively) and the severe distress range (7.26% and 92.73% for men and women, respectively). These findings are in line with those obtained by other studies using the CPDI [ 9 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. Furthermore, studies using instruments other than the CPDI to measure stress symptoms reported similar findings, with women experiencing higher levels of psychological distress than men [ 8 , 13 , 15 , 38 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…A recent Italian large-scale study with 20,158 participants found that higher CPDI scores were significantly associated with gender, being two-fold in women in comparison to men [ 25 ]. Similar results were found in Chinese [ 9 ], Brazilian [ 26 ], and Bangladeshi [ 27 ] samples. Furthermore, it seems that the clinical distress scores remain constant over time.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Concerning the prevalence and severity of COVID-related psychological distress in the Spanish population and based on the cut-off values of distress in CPDI, in our Spanish sample, 279 participants (25.5%) reported mild to moderate distress and 179 participants (16.36%) experienced severe distress, compared to 52.0% and 18.8% in Brazil [ 26 ], 47.0% and 14.1% in Iran [ 22 ], and 29.3% and 5.1% in China [ 9 ]. The average CPDI score of our Spanish-based sample (Mean = 26.15, SD = 15.28) was higher than that reported in China (Mean = 23.65, SD = 15.45), Italia (Mean = 18.61, SD = 12.2), and Germany (Mean = 21.9, SD = 12.6), but lower than that reported in Brazil (Mean = 37.6, SD = 15.22) [ 26 ], Iran (Mean = 34.54, SD = 14.92) [ 22 ], and France (24.01, SD = 12.76) [ 28 ]. Furthermore, we found gender differences in the mild/moderate distress range (17.92% and 82.07% for men and women, respectively) and the severe distress range (7.26% and 92.73% for men and women, respectively).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Regarding the psychometric properties of the CPDI, several studies from different countries provided the Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency and reliability [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ]. Megalakaki et al [ 28 ] reported the Cronbach’s alpha in a French sample for pretest and posttest measures, together with the stability effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress as a Function of Age and Gender in a Spanish Sample

Jiménez

Rieker

Avilés

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The sudden outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly altered the daily lives of the population with dramatic effects caused not only by the health risks of the coronavirus, but also by its psychological and social impact in large sectors of the worldwide population. The present study adapted the COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress Index (CPDI) to the Spanish population, and 1094 Spanish adults (mean age 52.55 years, 241 males) completed the Spanish version in a cross-sectional online survey. To analyze the factorial structure and reliability of the CPDI, we performed an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) followed by a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Spanish sample. The effects of gender and age on the degree of distress were analyzed using the factorial scores of the CPDI as the dependent variables. Results showed that, after rotation, the first factor (Stress symptoms) accounted for 35% of the total variance and the second factor (COVID-19 information) for 15%. Around 25% (n = 279) of the participants experienced mild to moderate distress symptoms, 16% (n = 179) severe distress, and about 58% (n = 636) showed no distress symptoms. Women experienced more distress than men (p<0.01), and distress decreased with age (p<0.01). We conclude that the CPDI seems a promising screening tool for the rapid detection of potential peritraumatic stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress as a Function of Age and Gender in a Spanish Sample

Jiménez

Rieker

Avilés

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Moreover, evidence from epidemiological studies revealed the relationship between gender, age, education level, and severity of mental problems [ 24 ]. Females and relatively high educational level were found to be predictors of mental distress of adults 1 month in the COVID-19 epidemic [ 25 ]. Additionally, several studies also suggest differences between men and women in response mechanisms to psychological distress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Trial

Liu¹,

Qiao²,

Xu³

et al. 2021

J Med Internet Res

103

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Background The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with COVID-19 is higher than usual. Previous studies have shown that there are drug-to-drug interactions between antiretroviral drugs and antidepressants. Therefore, an effective and safe treatment method was needed. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the first-line psychological therapy in clinical treatment. Computerized CBT (cCBT) was proven to be an effective alternative to CBT and does not require face-to-face therapy between a therapist and the patient, which suited the COVID-19 pandemic response. Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the cCBT program we developed in improving depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients with COVID-19. Methods We customized a cCBT program focused on improving depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients with COVID-19, and then, we assessed its effectiveness. Screening was based on symptoms of depression or anxiety for patients who scored ≥7 on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD17) or the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). A total of 252 patients with COVID-19 at five sites were randomized into two groups: cCBT + treatment as usual (TAU; n=126) and TAU without cCBT (n=126). The cCBT + TAU group received the cCBT intervention program for 1 week. The primary efficacy measures were the HAMD17 and HAMA scores. The secondary outcome measures were the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Assessments were carried out pre- and postintervention. The patients’ symptoms of anxiety and depression in one of the centers were assessed again within 1 month after the postintervention assessment. Results The cCBT + TAU group displayed a significantly decreased score on the HAMD17, HAMA, SDS, SAS, and AIS after the intervention compared to the TAU group (all P<.001). A mixed-effects repeated measures model revealed significant improvement in symptoms of depression (HAMD17 and SDS scores, both P<.001), anxiety (HAMA and SAS scores, both P<.001), and insomnia (AIS score, P=.002) during the postintervention and follow-up periods in the cCBT + TAU group. Additionally, the improvement of insomnia among females (P=.14) and those with middle school education (P=.48) in the cCBT + TAU group showed no significant differences when compared to the TAU group. Conclusions The findings of this study suggest that the cCBT program we developed was an effective nonpharmacological treatment for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among patients with COVID-19. Further research is warranted to investigate the long-term effects of cCBT for symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia in patients with COVID-19. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000030084; http://www.chictr.org.cn/showprojen.aspx?proj=49952

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The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves

Manchia

Gathier

Yapici-Eser

et al. 2022

European Neuropsychopharmacology

282

176

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Early evidence and predictors of mental distress of adults one month in the COVID-19 epidemic in Brazil

Cited by 29 publications

References 32 publications

COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress as a Function of Age and Gender in a Spanish Sample

COVID-19 Peritraumatic Distress as a Function of Age and Gender in a Spanish Sample

The Efficacy of Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients With COVID-19: Randomized Controlled Trial

The impact of the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic on stress resilience and mental health: A critical review across waves

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