Early estimates of UK radiation doses from the Chernobyl reactor

Radiation measurements in the Chiba Metropolitan Area and radiological aspects of fallout from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plants accident

“…The first peak was observed around 14e16 March and involved mainly 131 I. Similarly, Fry et al (1986) reported that in the United Kingdom, 131 I in vapor form preceded the cloud of particulate material directly after the Chernobyl accident. The second peak was observed around 20e21 March and included 137 Cs, 134 Cs, and 131 I.…”

“…Human exposure to radiation from nuclear accidents consists of external irradiation by the passing cloud of released material, inhalation of radioactive material in the cloud, b-radiation delivered to the skin, external irradiation by material deposited on the ground, and ingestion of contaminated foods (Fry et al, 1986; WHO Regional Office for Europe, 1989). Here, we report estimates of external irradiation from the passing cloud and from contaminated ground (JCAC, 2011;Nagaoka et al, 2012) as well as internal exposures from inhalation of radioactive material in the cloud and ingestion of tap water.…”

Aerosol residence times and iodine gas/particle conversion over the North Pacific as determined from Chernobyl radioactivity.

“…The resulting plume of radioactivity was measured at many locations over Europe during the next several days (Devell et al, 1986;Fry et al, 1986;Kaup pinen et al, 1986;Thomas et al, 1986) and over Japan one week later (Aoyama et al, 1986).…”

Biosorption of cesium by native and chemically modified biomass of marine algae: introduce the new biosorbents for biotechnology applications

“…metallothioneins, siderophores, phytochelatins, melanins, polysaccharides and inorganic phosphates), and marine algae biomass have been applied for the removal of other toxic (heavy) metals [2,16,[20][21][22][23]. Metal uptake by (micro)organisms can be occurred by metabolism-dependent and/or -independent processes [2,3,6,23,24]. Metal adsorption on nonliving marine algae is only mediated by metabolism-independent mechanisms (biosorption).…”