Early Esophageal Cancer: A Gastroenterologist’s Disease

Spataro, Joseph; Zfass, Alvin M.; Schubert, Mitchell L.; Shah, Tilak

doi:10.1007/s10620-019-05817-x

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Esophageal cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system and is the sixth leading cause of death and the eighth most common cancer worldwide (1,2). The five-year survival rate of patients with esophageal cancer is approximately 15%-25% (1)(2)(3). The most common histological type of esophageal cancer is squamous cell carcinoma in Asia and adenocarcinoma in Europe and the United States (1), with other types being rare (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer on dual-energy computed tomography

et al. 2020

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Background Using conventional computed tomography (CT), the accurate diagnosis of lymph node (LN) metastasis of esophageal cancer is difficult. Purpose To examine dual-energy CT parameters to predict LN metastasis preoperatively in patients with esophageal cancer. Material and Methods Twenty-six consecutive patients who underwent dual-energy CT before an esophageal cancer surgery (19 patients with LN metastases) were analyzed. The included LNs had a short-axis diameter of ≥4 mm and were confirmed to be resected on postoperative CT. Their short-axis diameter, CT value, iodine concentration (IC), and fat fraction were measured on early- and late-phase contrast-enhanced dual-energy CT images and compared between pathologically confirmed metastatic and non-metastatic LNs. Results In total, 51 LNs (34 metastatic and 17 non-metastatic) were included. In the early phase, IC and fat fraction were significantly lower in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic LNs (IC = 1.6 mg/mL vs. 2.2 mg/mL; fat fraction = 20.3% vs. 32.5%; both P < 0.05). Furthermore, in the late phase, IC and fat fraction were significantly lower in the metastatic than in the non-metastatic LNs (IC = 2.0 mg/mL vs. 3.0 mg/mL; fat fraction = 20.4% vs. 33.0%; both P < 0.05). Fat fraction exhibited accuracies of 82.4% and 78.4% on early- and late-phase images, respectively. Conversely, short-axis diameter and CT value on both early- and late-phase images were not significantly different between the metastatic and non-metastatic LNs ( P > 0.05). Conclusion Using dual-energy CT images, IC and fat fraction are useful for diagnosing LN metastasis in patients with esophageal cancer.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detecting lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer on dual-energy computed tomography

et al. 2020

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“…Endoscopy can detect esophageal cancer, even those at an early stage [ 25 ]. Using a combination of high-definition white light, narrow band imaging, and both targeted and random biopsy, endoscopy can detect mucosal abnormalities that indicate preneoplastic or neoplastic conditions of the esophagus [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Esophageal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surveillance in Lynch Syndrome

Kumar

Farha

Burke

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Lynch syndrome is a common hereditary cancer predisposition syndrome associated with increased digestive cancer risk including colorectal, gastric, and duodenal cancers. While colorectal cancer surveillance is widely accepted to be an important part of a comprehensive Lynch syndrome risk management plan, the use of upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance in Lynch syndrome remains more controversial. Currently, upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance guidelines for Lynch syndrome vary widely, and there is no consensus on who should undergo upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance, how surveillance should be performed, the age at which to initiate surveillance, or how often individuals with Lynch syndrome should undergo upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance. Fortunately, research groups around the world have been focusing on upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance in Lynch syndrome, and recent evidence in this field has demonstrated that upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance can be performed with identification of precancerous lesions as well as early-stage upper gastrointestinal cancers. In this manuscript, we review the upper gastrointestinal cancer risks in Lynch syndrome, differing guideline recommendations for surveillance, outcomes of upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance, and controversies in the field, and we provide a framework based on our collective experience with which to incorporate upper gastrointestinal cancer surveillance into a risk management program for individuals with Lynch syndrome.

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“…Conventional diagnostic tests of esophageal cancer consist of physical/medical examination and imaging along with biopsy [5]. A physical and medical examination is the first diagnostic procedure, and these take into account the clinical presentations associated with esophageal cancer such as nausea or vomiting with weight loss, reflux, swallowing difficulty, or upper abdominal pain, as well as the risk factors associated with esophageal cancer [6].…”

Section: Classic Diagnosis Of Esophageal Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine

Didamson

Abrahamse

2021

Pharmaceutics

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Esophageal cancer is often diagnosed at the late stage when cancer has already spread and is characterized by a poor prognosis. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for a better and efficient treatment outcome. Upper endoscopy with biopsy is the standard diagnostic tool for esophageal cancer but is challenging to diagnose at its premalignant stage, while conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, and irradiation therapy, are challenging to eliminate the tumor. Photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and therapy (PDT) modalities that employ photosensitizers (PSs) are emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer. However, some flaws associated with the classic PSs have limited their clinical applications. Functionalized nanomedicine has emerged as a potential drug delivery system to enhance PS drug biodistribution and cellular internalization. The conjugation of PSs with functionalized nanomedicine enables increased localization within esophageal cancer cells due to improved solubility and stability in blood circulation. This review highlights PS drugs used for PDD and PDT for esophageal cancer. In addition, it focuses on the various functionalized nanomedicine explored for esophageal cancer and their role in targeted PDD and PDT for diagnosis and treatment.

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Early Esophageal Cancer: A Gastroenterologist’s Disease

Cited by 12 publications

References 44 publications

Detecting lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer on dual-energy computed tomography

Detecting lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer on dual-energy computed tomography

Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer Surveillance in Lynch Syndrome

Targeted Photodynamic Diagnosis and Therapy for Esophageal Cancer: Potential Role of Functionalized Nanomedicine

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