Early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Bredberg-Rådén, Ulla; Urassa, Ernest J.N.; Grankvist, Olov; Massawe, Augustine; Lyamuya, Eligius; Kawo, G.; Msemo, Georgina; Kazimoto, Theodora; Mgone, Joyce M.; Mbena, E.; Karlsson, Katarina; Mhalu, Fred; Biberfeld, Gunnel

doi:10.1016/0928-0197(95)00010-6

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…1,2 The specific viral and host features that predispose patients to extrahepatic disease have not been elucidated. 1,2 The specific viral and host features that predispose patients to extrahepatic disease have not been elucidated.…”

Section: Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon With Chronic Hepatitis C Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1,2 The specific viral and host features that predispose patients to extrahepatic disease have not been elucidated. 2 A high prevalence of genotype 2 infection has been reported in many patients with various extrahepatic manifestation of disease. 2 A high prevalence of genotype 2 infection has been reported in many patients with various extrahepatic manifestation of disease.…”

Section: Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon With Chronic Hepatitis C Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The wide geographic variation in the prevalence of many extrahepatic manifestations suggests genetic or environmental influences. 2 Cryoglobulinemia is the most frequent and well-known extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease, occurring in 11 to 56% of HCV-infected patients. 2 Cryoglobulinemia is the most frequent and well-known extrahepatic manifestation of hepatitis C virus (HCV) disease, occurring in 11 to 56% of HCV-infected patients.…”

Section: Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon With Chronic Hepatitis C Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 In low income countries the presence of IgG antibodies after 15 to18 months of age is the only generally available test. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This paper reports the results of a study of IgA HIV antibody detection in serum, saliva and urine in two groups of children studied in Kampala: Group I, known HIV-infected children (Ͼ18 months); and Group II, children Ͻ18 months with suspected HIV infection and their mothers. 1,2 Detection of IgA HIV antibodies in serum is a useful, relatively inexpensive test for early diagnosis of HIV in children Ͻ6 months of age.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Specificity was 95 to 97% between ages 1 and 6 months. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9] We are aware of only one study that investigated the value of HIV IgA in saliva in infants 12 and no studies for urine. Saliva had lower sensitivity than serum in infants Ͻ12 months, and urine had very low sensitivity.…”

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confidence: 99%

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IgA antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in serum, saliva and urine for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ugandan infants

Machado

Kayita

Bakaki

et al. 2003

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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The value of HIV-1 IgA antibodies for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants in serum, saliva and urine was investigated at Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Sensitivity and specificity in serum of HIV-infected infants at different ages were: 0 to1 months, 88 and 95%; 1 to 3 months, 88 and 97%; 4 to 6 months, 80 and 96%. They decreased between 67 and 77% and 80 to 91%, respectively, in older age groups. Sensitivity for saliva was lower (53 to 79%) and urine only 37 to 62%, although specificity was reasonably high (>85%). The high proportion of infants with raised HIV IgA in the first months of life (88%) may represent prenatal infection. Sensitivity of serum and especially salivary and urinary HIV IgA is too low to be of practical value for early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants. Jorge E. Morgado de Moura Machado, M.D., Ph.D., D.T.M.&P.H., M.Trop.Med. FIG. 1. IgA in serum (n ϭ 545), saliva (n ϭ 540) and urine (n ϭ 514) stratified by age.

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Section: Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon With Chronic Hepatitis C Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon With Chronic Hepatitis C Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Severe Raynaud's Phenomenon With Chronic Hepatitis C Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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IgA antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in serum, saliva and urine for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ugandan infants

Machado

Kayita

Bakaki

et al. 2003

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Point-of-care tests detecting HIV nucleic acids for diagnosis of HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less

Ochodo

Guleid

Deeks

et al. 2021

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background The standard method of diagnosing HIV in infants and children less than 18 months is with a nucleic acid amplification test reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction test (NAT RT‐PCR) detecting viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). Laboratory testing using the RT‐PCR platform for HIV infection is limited by poor access, logistical support, and delays in relaying test results and initiating therapy in low‐resource settings. The use of rapid diagnostic tests at or near the point‐of‐care (POC) can increase access to early diagnosis of HIV infection in infants and children less than 18 months of age and timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Objectives To summarize the diagnostic accuracy of point‐of‐care nucleic acid‐based testing (POC NAT) to detect HIV‐1/HIV‐2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less exposed to HIV infection. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (until 2 February 2021), MEDLINE and Embase (until 1 February 2021), and LILACS and Web of Science (until 2 February 2021) with no language or publication status restriction. We also searched conference websites and clinical trial registries, tracked reference lists of included studies and relevant systematic reviews, and consulted experts for potentially eligible studies. Selection criteria We defined POC tests as rapid diagnostic tests conducted at or near the patient site. We included any primary study that compared the results of a POC NAT to a reference standard of laboratory NAT RT‐PCR or total nucleic acid testing to detect the presence or absence of HIV infection denoted by HIV viral nucleic acids in infants and children aged 18 months or less who were exposed to HIV‐1/HIV‐2 infection. We included cross‐sectional, prospective, and retrospective study designs and those that provided sufficient data to create the 2 × 2 table to calculate sensitivity and specificity. We excluded diagnostic case control studies with healthy controls. Data collection and analysis We extracted information on study characteristics using a pretested standardized data extraction form. We used the QUADAS‐2 (Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies) tool to assess the risk of bias and applicability concerns of the included studies. Two review authors independently selected and assessed the included studies, resolving any disagreements by consensus. The unit of analysis was the participant. We first conducted preliminary exploratory analyses by plotting estimates of sensitivity and specificity from each study on forest plots and in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) space. For the overall meta‐analyses, we pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity using the bivariate meta‐analysis model at a common threshold (presence or absence of infection). Main results We identified a total of 12 studies (...

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Diagnosis of Pediatric HIV Infection

Luo¹,

Coulter

AIDS in Africa

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Early diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

IgA antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in serum, saliva and urine for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ugandan infants

IgA antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus in serum, saliva and urine for early diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus infection in Ugandan infants

Point-of-care tests detecting HIV nucleic acids for diagnosis of HIV-1 or HIV-2 infection in infants and children aged 18 months or less

Diagnosis of Pediatric HIV Infection

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