Early Diagnosis of Gynecological Cancers in Ladies with Review of Literature

Abstract

The most prevalent cancers in ladies are cervical, endometrial and Ovarian. The biomarkers prevalent in use for these gynaecological cancers are commonly Cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), B, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), Inhibin, Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, Carbohydrate antigen 19-9, Cancer antigen 27-29, Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), Osteopontin, transthyretin, Immunosuppressive acidic protein(IAP), leptin, CA15-3, CK19 and Thymidine kinase. The biomarker marker Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen, CK19 and immunosuppressive acidic protein IAP are raised in cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Endometrial cancer is a common cancer in women. In 75% of endometrial cancer cases, the tumor remains confined to the uterus and has a favorable prognosis if early detected. The prognosis, however, worsens dramatically as the disease progresses. The objective of this review is to elucidate the importance of the tumor markers for early diagnosis of gynaecological malignancies which are vital and life saving. Similarly the relevant biomarkers in combination are found to have positive predictive values and significant p values in the endometrial and cervical cancer. In Cervix cancer the positive predictive value of these markers combined is usually 92% -95% and negative predictive value 93% -96%. The confidence interval is 98% and p value significant 0.005. Sensitivity of tumor markers combined CK19, SCC and immunosuppressive acidic protein IAP in Cervix cancer detection is 95% and specificity 96%. The highest sensitivity was for SCC antigen (98.7%) while the highest specificity was for Cytokeratin 19 (99.7%). The positive predictive value by combination of CK19, SCC and IAP for the detection of Cervix cancer was 90% -94%. In endometrial cancer the sensitivity of tumor markers combined CA19-9, CA125, leptin, thymidine kinase, CEA, CA15-3, and HE4 in endometrial cancer detection was 95% and specificity 96%. The highest sensitivity was for CA125 (99.7%) while the highest specificity was for CA19-9 (95.7%) which revealed that the efficacy of

Scientific publication in obstetrics and gynecology from Mainland China and other top‐ranking countries: A 10‐year survey of the literature

“…Gynecological and obstetric diseases affect the health of women worldwide, especially the most prevalent cancers which include cervical, endometrial and ovarian. 1 In the past decade, researchers have made great progress in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, however, the research status of different countries is unclear. According to the report on cancer country profiles of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014, 2 the total number of women in China diagnosed with breast cancer was 187 213; 18.8% of women died of breast cancer in Germany and the mortality was higher in France, at 19.9%.…”

“…Gynecological and obstetric diseases affect the health of women worldwide, especially the most prevalent cancers which include cervical, endometrial and ovarian . In the past decade, researchers have made great progress in the field of obstetrics and gynecology, however, the research status of different countries is unclear.…”