Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Subclinical AMR Is Vital for Improving Clinical Outcomes

Non-invasive screening for sub-clinical antibody-mediated rejection as a new tool for indication of kidney allograft biopsy

“…Frequent follow-up controls to uncover the rise of known pre-transplant donorspecific antibodies (DSA) or their de novo formation, that might trigger diagnostic biopsies for detection of earlier stages of graft injury, or the implementation of protocol biopsies are not always possible in transplant centres. However, a timely treatment of ABMR would enhance significantly graft outcome [1][2][3][4].Efforts to develop better measures that allow early detection of rejection before any clinically obvious, irreversible damage has accumulated and range from protocol biopsies to less invasive approaches such as metabolomics, proteomics or mRNA profiling of single or multiple markers in urine or serum. These latter techniques aim at detecting active injury, due to acute rejection, T-cell mediated rejection (TCMR) in particular, and, to a lesser extent, ABMR [5][6][7][8].…”

“…Frequent follow-up controls to uncover the rise of known pre-transplant donorspecific antibodies (DSA) or their de novo formation, that might trigger diagnostic biopsies for detection of earlier stages of graft injury, or the implementation of protocol biopsies are not always possible in transplant centres. However, a timely treatment of ABMR would enhance significantly graft outcome [1][2][3][4].…”