Early Development of the Adrenal Glands in the Grass Snake Natrix natrix L. (Lepidosauria, Serpentes)

Rupik, Weronika

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-55977-8

Cited by 32 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…Nevertheless, both types of cells show some aspects of immature cells as numerous free and clumped ribosomes, developed RER, and scarce SER and large nuclei mostly in the chromaffin cells. Our results can be compared with the studies performed on the developing adrenal of other vertebrate species belonging to mammals (Coupland and Weakley 1968, El-Maghraby and Lever 1980, Millar and Unsicker 1981, Boshier et al 1989, birds Manelli 1969, Ishimura andFujita 1995), reptiles (Rupik 2002), and amphibians (Accordi et al 1975, Accordi andGrassi Milano 1977). Regarding the steroidogenic cells, the degree of development of SER, the structure of the mitochondrial cristae, and the presence of lipid droplets are important signs for the functional differentiation of the cells (for review on the developing adrenal cortex in vertebrates, see Nussdorfer 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…These cells were polymorphic with a large nucleus and long RER cisternae and showed some pseudopodia-like cytoplasmic processes. Long projections, described as well in developing chromaffin cells of the toad Bufo bufo (Accordi and Grassi Milano 1977) and the snake Natrix natrix (Rupik 2002), may facilitate the migration among the surrounding hematopoietic cells by amoeboid movements toward the final localization of the chromaffin cells around the posterior cardinal and caudal veins and their tributaries. The chromaffin cells present in 27-dpf trout larvae closely resemble the incompletely differentiated medullary cells (pheochromoblasts and pheochromocytes) described in the developing rabbit (Coupland and Weakley 1968), rat (El-Maghraby andLever 1980, Millar andUnsicker 1981) and sheep (Boshier et al 1989) adrenal.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Regarding the increase in SER during development, our results can be compared with observations carried out on the developing adrenal gland of other vertebrates. In the grass snake (Rupik 2002), chick embryo (Ishimura and Fujita 1995), and rat (Magalh¼es et al 1978), an increase in SER and a reduction of RER and free ribosomes were shown during adrenal development. Also, in the adrenal zona fasciculata of sheep (Boshier and Halloway 1991), research during fetal life demonstrated an increase in SER and a decrease in RER considered the site for synthesis of proteins and enzymes necessary for cellular differentiation and biogenesis of SER.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of adrenal homolog of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Gallo

Civinini

2004

Anat Embryol

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In this work we describe the adrenal homolog of the rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss during development. At the histological level, the interrenal primordium is clearly evident in larvae 25 days after fertilization (dpf), and the immunohistochemical reactions for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), which mark the chromaffin cells, appear as early as 27 dpf. Both reactions are evident in cells localized in the head kidney and in some, probably migrating, cells close to the notochord. In 27-dpf larvae, the ultrastructural analysis shows the presence of the interrenal cells with mitochondria with tubulovesicular cristae, typical of steroidogenic cells, sometimes surrounded by smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) cisternae, indicating that in this stage the cells have the capacity for steroid synthesis and secretion. In the same stage the chromaffin cells are characterized by few and small membrane-bound granules containing cores of heterogeneous electron density. Both types of cells show large nuclei, numerous free or clumped ribosomes, developed rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), and scarce SER. Rare nerve endings contacting chromaffin cells are present. In the subsequent developmental stages, a further differentiation of both types of cells is evidenced by modifications of cell organelles as mitochondria, chromaffin granules, RER, SER, and so on. A clear discrimination of the two types of catecholamine-containing cells, adrenaline and noradrenaline cells, is evident only 5 days after hatching. The presence of different interrenal cell types in larvae at 5 and 10 days after hatching probably indicates the activation of a physiological cellular cycle. The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural results are compared with those obtained by other authors in the same and other vertebrate species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The development of adrenal homolog of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Gallo

Civinini

2004

Anat Embryol

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“…The egg incubation period (50 days at 37°C) was divided into three parts (early, intermediate and advanced), according to the morphological characteristics of the chromaffin cells and to their organization with respect to the kidney and to the steroidogenic cells. Other authors described several periods in different species: Rupik (2002) divided the development of the grass snake Natrix natrix into six phases; Doddamani (2000) divided the development of the red-headed lizard Calotes versicolor into four periods. The chromaffin cells derive from the sympathoadrenal cells, which represent a major sublineage of the trunk neural crest cells, together with the sympathetic neuronal elements (Le Douarin 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differentiation of chromaffin cells in the developing adrenal gland of Testudo hermanni

et al. 2006

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The aim of this study was to investigate the development and differentiation of chromaffin cells in the adrenal gland of the turtle Testudo hermanni during ontogenesis using histological, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural methods. The 26 developmental stages were divided into three periods: in the early period (stages 1-18, up to 20 days of incubation at 37 degrees Celsius and 85% humidity), the chromaffin cells were observed from stage 12. They followed a ventro-lateral migration pathway with respect to the notochord and dorsal aorta, forming groups embedded in undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. They reached the kidney surface only at the end of this period. Under the EM the chromaffin cells showed typical embryonic characters, such as rounded shape, high nucleus/plasmatic ratio, cell membrane with elongated processes; the cytoplasm contained a large number of free ribosomes, Golgi complexes, RER and a few chromaffin granules distributed in small sets. The granules were small and displayed a high electrondensity. Numerous unmyelinated fibres ran close to the chromaffin cells. At the end of this period both nervous elements and chromaffin cells were positive to the antigen for DbetaH. The intermediate period (stages 19-22, incubation days 21-35) was characterized by the first occurrence of steroidogenic cells on the ventro-medial kidney surface. Some chromaffin cells were still found in the same position, whereas other cells were still migrating, maintaining their embryonic character. It was possible to divide the secretory granules into two types according to their shape and electrondensity: the more numerous N-type granules had a dark content, whereas the small number of A-type granules (consistent with the scarce PNMT reaction) displayed a light content. They occurred for the first time in this period. In the advanced period (stages 23-26, from incubation day 36 to hatching) the adrenal gland reached its definitive shape, although remaining immature; groups of variously sized chromaffin cells intermingled with steroidogenic cells, both lying on the kidney surface. Chromaffin granules were more numerous and larger than in the previous stages, frequently mingling in the same cell. A migration pathway of the chromaffin cells along the nerve fibres can be hypothesized on the basis of their common origin and closeness. The polymorphic shape of chromaffin cells with long cytoplasmic processes also accounts for their migrating fitness. We can assume that steroidogenic differentiation from the mesodermic blastema begins after the first chromaffin cells have completed their migration.

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“…Doddamani (2000) e Rupik (2002) demonstraram que a diferenciação de cromafinoblastos em células cromafins é, provavelmente, estimulada pela influência dos hormônios que são produzidos pelas células do tecido interrenal.…”

Section: A Glândula Adrenal Dos Répteisunclassified

Determinação dos níveis séricos de corticosterona e hormônios esteróides sexuais, induzidos pelo estresse da contenção física e da extração de veneno, em Bothrops jararaca (Ophidia: Viperidae).

Grego¹

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Early Development of the Adrenal Glands in the Grass Snake Natrix natrix L. (Lepidosauria, Serpentes)

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

The development of adrenal homolog of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

The development of adrenal homolog of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: an immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study

Differentiation of chromaffin cells in the developing adrenal gland of Testudo hermanni

Determinação dos níveis séricos de corticosterona e hormônios esteróides sexuais, induzidos pelo estresse da contenção física e da extração de veneno, em Bothrops jararaca (Ophidia: Viperidae).

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