Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ( O SCC ) – Role of Genetics: A Literature Review

Seethalakshmi, C.

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2013/5552.3281

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[3][4][5] Currently practiced screening/diagnostic tools suffer from several disadvantages like tedious sample preparation, long output times, and interobserver variances. 6,7 Biopsy followed by histopathology, the current gold standard, is not only invasive but also depends on selection of appropriate region. Further, it may not be very convenient for screening and therapeutic monitoring which require repeated sampling.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis

Kumar

Bhattacharjee

Ingle

et al. 2016

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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Oral cancers suffer from poor 5-year survival rates, owing to late detection of the disease. Current diagnostic/screening tools need to be upgraded in view of disadvantages like invasiveness, tedious sample preparation, long output times, and interobserver variances. Raman spectroscopy has been shown to identify many disease conditions, including oral cancers, from healthy conditions. Further studies in exploring sequential changes in oral carcinogenesis are warranted. In this Raman spectroscopy study, sequential progression in experimental oral carcinogenesis in Hamster buccal pouch model was investigated using 3 approachesex vivo, in vivo sequential, and in vivo follow-up. In all these studies, spectral changes show lipid dominance in early stages while later stages and tumors showed increased protein to lipid ratio and nucleic acids. On similar lines, early weeks of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-treated and control groups showed higher overlap and low classification. The classification efficiency increased progressively, reached a plateau phase and subsequently increased up to 100% by 14 weeks. The misclassifications between treated and control spectra suggested some changes in controls as well, which was confirmed by a careful reexamination of histopathological slides. These findings suggests Raman spectroscopy may be able to identify microheterogeneity, which may often go unnoticed in conventional biochemistry wherein tissue extracts are employed, as well as in histopathology. In vivo findings, quite comparable to gold-standard supported ex vivo findings, give further proof of Raman spectroscopy being a promising label-free, noninvasive diagnostic adjunct for future clinical applications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopy of Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis

Kumar

Bhattacharjee

Ingle

et al. 2016

Technol Cancer Res Treat

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“…Thorough examination and appropriate selection of biopsy sites, coupled with expert histopathologic evaluation, are required for diagnosis of oral leukoplakia and erythroplakia [21]. Analysis of correlations between biomarkers, stages of dysplasia and their progression to OSCC is complex and it requires incorporation of multiple variables [22] In our study, it has been revealed that the keratinizing SCC, unlike the non-keratinizing counterpart presents with pleomorphic, highly keratinized squamous cells. These cells vary greatly in size and shape and tend to occur singly with few small groups or syncytial arrangements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Pattern of Keratinization in Oral Squamous Cells during Carcinogenesis

Mohanta¹,

Mohanty²,

Parida³

2014

IOSRJDMS

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Background:Oral carcinogenesis is a multi-step process. Broadly, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) can be well-, moderately-or poorly-differentiated, and either keratinizing or non-keratinizing. Most cases are moderately to poorly-differentiated. Precursor lesions (dysplasia) can be categorized into mild, moderate, or severe (carcinoma in situ).In the present study, the pattern of keratin expression in oral squamous cells during carcinogenesis is vividly analysed. Materials and Methods: Samples in the form of scraped and exfoliated cytosmear were collected from the affected sites of the clinically diagnosed 136 oral cancer patients and were immediately fixed in acetoalcohol (1:3). The wet fixed smears were stained by routine Papanicolaou's staining protocol and Giemsa's solution. Stained tissues were studied under the microscope. Results: Cytological pleomorphism is a unique feature observed during carcinogenesis. There appears to be a spectrum of degrees of keratinization rather than distinct types, and the degree of keratinization is reflected in the degree of packing and orientation of keratin filaments. It is presumed that alteration in the architectural regularity of the cell membrane is an important aspect of keratinization which leads to cytological pleomorphism during oral carcinogenesis. Conclusion: Pattern of keratinization alongwith cytological pleomorphism in exfoliated epithelial squamous cells has a practical utility in the diagnosis and early detection of oral cancer during carcinogenesis.

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“…The detection of OSCC in the early stages is difficult, as most of the cases are asymptomatic and, by clinical examination, look similar to PMOLs such as leukoplakia, erythroplakia or OLP [ 109 , 110 ]. Moreover, the distinction between different types of PMOLs is difficult, and from a clinical point of view, the majority of cases will have an imprecise diagnosis [ 111 ].…”

Section: Difficulties Associated With the Early Diagnosis Of Osccmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Salivary Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases as an Adjuvant Method in the Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Literature Review

Monea

Pop

2022

CIMB

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is an aggressive malignancy with increased mortality, in which the early diagnosis is the most important step in increasing patients’ survival rate. Extensive research has evaluated the role of saliva as a source of diagnostic biomarkers, among which matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have shown a valuable potential for detecting even early stages of OSCC. The aim of this review was to present recent clinical data regarding the significance of salivary MMPs in the detection of early malignant transformation of the oral mucosa. A narrative review was conducted on articles published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EBSCO and SciELO databases, using specific terms. Our search revealed that MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, MMP-8, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP-12 and MMP-13 had significantly higher levels in saliva from patients with OSCC compared to controls. However, the strength of evidence is limited, as most information regarding their use as adjuvant diagnostic tools for OSCC comes from studies with a low number of participants, variable methodologies for saliva sampling and diagnostic assays, and insufficient adjustment for all covariates. MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 were considered the most promising candidates for salivary diagnosis of OSCC, but larger studies are needed in order to validate their clinical application.

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Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ( O SCC ) – Role of Genetics: A Literature Review

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Raman Spectroscopy of Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis

Raman Spectroscopy of Experimental Oral Carcinogenesis

Pattern of Keratinization in Oral Squamous Cells during Carcinogenesis

The Use of Salivary Levels of Matrix Metalloproteinases as an Adjuvant Method in the Early Diagnosis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Narrative Literature Review

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