Mononeuritis multiplex is a rare form of cerebral nerve palsy caused by various factors. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination could be an etiology of mononeuritis multiplex, which can affect various nerves. Post-COVID-19 and vaccination-related neurological impairments involve cranial nerves such as the facial, trigeminal, and vagal nerves. We report our experience with a 34-year-old man who developed hypoglossal nerve palsy following COVID-19 vaccination, complicated by progressive mononeuritis multiplex. Hypoglossal nerve palsy may occur following COVID-19 vaccination. The symptoms vary and may progress without treatment. Physicians should consider the possibility of mononeuritis multiplex after COVID-19 vaccination and provide prompt treatment for acute symptom progression.