“…This method, introduced by Carlens (1959), has been advocated for preoperative evaluation of patients with cancer of the lung by many European and American surgeons (Akovbiantz and Aeberhard, 1964;Girones, 1965;Maasen et al, 1965;Sarrazin and Voog, 1965;Jepsen, 1967;Bilgutay et al, 1969;Goldberg et al, 1970;Hajek and Homan van der Heide, 1970;Kirschner, 1971;Otto, Zaslonka, and Lukianski, 1972;Gibbons, 1972;Pearson et al, 1972). Sometimes 146 mediastinoscopy is replaced by anterior exploration of the mediastinum (mediastinotomy), as advocated by Chamberlain (1966), Stemmer et al (1965), Evans, Hall, andKent Harrison (1973), andJolly et al (1973).…”