Early detection of lung cancer by using an autoantibody panel in Chinese population

Abstract

We have previously identified a panel of autoantibodies (AABs), including p53, GAGE7, PGP9.5, CAGE, MAGEA1, SOX2 and GBU4-5, that was helpful in the early diagnosis of lung cancer. This large-scale, multicenter study was undertaken to validate the clinical value of this 7-AABs panel for early detection of lung cancer in a Chinese population. Two independent sets of plasma samples from 2308 participants were available for the assay of AABs (training set = 300; validation set = 2008). The concentrations of AABs were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the optimal cutoff value for each AAB was determined in the training set and then applied in the validation set. The value of the 7-AABs panel for the early detection of lung cancer was assessed in 540 patients who presented with ground-glass nodules (GGNs) and/or solid nodules. In the validation set, the sensitivity and specificity of the 7-AABs panel were 61% and 90%, respectively. For stage I and stage II non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the sensitivity of the 7-AABs panel was 62% and 59%, respectively, and for limited stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) it was 59%; these sensitivity values were considerably higher than for traditional biomarkers (including CEA, NSE and CYFRA21-1). Importantly, the combination of the 7-AABs panel and low-dose computed tomography (CT) scanning significantly improved the diagnostic yield in patients presenting with GGNs and/or solid nodules. In conclusion, our 7-AABs panel has clinical value for early detection of lung cancer, including early-stage lung cancer presenting as GGNs.

<p>Update on liquid biopsy in clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer</p>

“…Moreover, the false positive rates in patients with defined size and GGNs and/or nodules decreased significantly by combining CT scanning and the 7-AABs panel together. 29 To summarize, those non-invasive biomarkers analyzed by liquid biopsy provide an efficient way to screen and find lung cancer at an early stage. Moreover, when those biomarkers are combined with imaging examination, there would be more lung cancers detected at early stages than before.…”

Plasma Next Generation Sequencing and Droplet Digital-qPCR-Based Quantification of Circulating Cell-Free RNA for Noninvasive Early Detection of Cancer

“…Carcinogen embryonic antigen (CEA) is one of the most widely used biomarkers for cancer screening in several entities, including lung cancer. Cytokeratin-19 fragment (Cyfra21-1) is also a tumor marker for lung cancer [17,18]. However, high false positive elevated levels of these markers in benign disease and restricted sensitivity limit their use for routine screening for early diagnosis of cancer [6,[18][19][20].…”

Ultrasensitive DNA hypermethylation detection using plasma for early detection of NSCLC: a study in Chinese patients with very small nodules

“…Distinguishing small malignant nodules in CT scan from benign ones is particularly challenging because of their ambiguous radiographic characteristics [6,7]. There are intense efforts to improve nodule management by identifying molecular biomarkers, including gene mutation [8][9][10], DNA methylation [11,12], circulating tumor cells [10], and cancer-specific auto-antibodies [13], that could improve the diagnostic accuracy for detection of early stage of lung cancer.…”