Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocytochemistry for ?-amyloid precursor protein

Sherriff, F. E.; Bridges, L. R.; Sivaloganathan, S.

doi:10.1007/s004010050056

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…APP immunohistochemistry is almost the method of choice to demonstrate axonal injury in man [7,17,45] and it is increasingly being used in various laboratory models of acute brain injury [25,26,55]. Although a time course of experimental APP immunoreactivity does not appear to have been undertaken, the literature refers to APP-positive axons as being demonstrable by at least 7 days postinjury and in man APP-positive axons have been described in brain tissue both at 28 days [7] and 99 days post-injury [5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue tears in the white matter after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat: relevance to human brain injury

Graham¹,

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A characteristic feature of severe diffuse axonal injury in man is radiological evidence of the "shearing injury triad" represented by lesions, sometimes haemorrhagic, in the corpus callosum, deep white matter and the rostral brain stem. With the exception of studies carried out on the non-human primate, such lesions have not been replicated to date in the multiple and diverse rodent laboratory models of traumatic brain injury. The present report describes tissue tears in the white matter, particularly in the fimbria of Sprague-Dawley rats killed 12, 24, and 48 h and 7 days after lateral fluid percussion brain injury of moderate severity (2.1-2.4 atm). The lesions were most easily seen at 24 h when they appeared as foci of tissue rarefaction in which there were a few polymorphonuclear leucocytes. At the margins of these lesions, large amounts of accumulated amyloid precursor protein (APP) were found in axonal swellings and bulbs. By 1 week post-injury, there was macrophage infiltration with marked astrocytosis and early scar formation. This lesion is considered to be due to severe deformation of white matter and this is the first time that it has been identified reproducibly in a rodent model of head injury under controlled conditions.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue tears in the white matter after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat: relevance to human brain injury

Graham¹,

et al. 2000

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, brain insult induces an increase of APP transcription and interrupts its transport, resulting in localized accumulation of APP to detectable levels in the form of axonal bulbs. The detection of APP-positive axonal bulbs is an effective tool for the diagnosis of diffuse traumatic axonal injury in forensic practice [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. The detection of axonal bulbs using conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) or silver staining requires a survival time of at least 15-18 h following head injury.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The detection of axonal bulbs using conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H-E) or silver staining requires a survival time of at least 15-18 h following head injury. However, immunostaining for APP can detect axonal bulbs as early as 2-3 h after head injury [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Moreover, some axonal bulbs can be detected at 35 min [10] or 90 min [11] after head injury depending on the case.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two different immunostaining patterns of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) may distinguish traumatic from nontraumatic axonal injury

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immunostaining for beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) is recognized as an effective tool for detecting traumatic axonal injury, but it also detects axonal injury due to ischemic or other metabolic causes. Previously, we reported two different patterns of APP staining: labeled axons oriented along with white matter bundles (pattern 1) and labeled axons scattered irregularly (pattern 2) (Hayashi et al. (Leg Med (Tokyo) 11:S171-173, 2009). In this study, we investigated whether these two patterns are consistent with patterns of trauma and hypoxic brain damage, respectively. Sections of the corpus callosum from 44 cases of blunt head injury and equivalent control tissue were immunostained for APP. APP was detected in injured axons such as axonal bulbs and varicose axons in 24 of the 44 cases of head injuries that also survived for three or more hours after injury. In 21 of the 24 APP-positive cases, pattern 1 alone was observed in 14 cases, pattern 2 alone was not observed in any cases, and both patterns 1 and 2 were detected in 7 cases. APP-labeled injured axons were detected in 3 of the 44 control cases, all of which were pattern 2. These results suggest that pattern 1 indicates traumatic axonal injury, while pattern 2 results from hypoxic insult. These patterns may be useful to differentiate between traumatic and nontraumatic axonal injuries.

show abstract

“…Techniques for the demonstration of injured axons in the brain have undergone considerable development in recent years [40]. A number of immunocytochemical methods have been introduced with the general acceptance, that greatest sensitivity of labeling, both for postmortem diagnosis and in the experimental situation of damaged axons, may be obtained by using immunocytochemistry for -amyloid precursor protein ( -APP) [41,42]. APP, a membrane-spanning glycoprotein, is transported by fast axoplasmic transport, it is located at both the pre-and postsynaptic sites and it accumulates within axonal swellings in TBI very quickly in humans as a result of loss of fast axonal transport [39,40].…”

Section: Neuropathology Of Mtbimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…APP, a membrane-spanning glycoprotein, is transported by fast axoplasmic transport, it is located at both the pre-and postsynaptic sites and it accumulates within axonal swellings in TBI very quickly in humans as a result of loss of fast axonal transport [39,40]. Therefore, -APP has been suggested recently as a marker of choice for detecting any axonal injury in the brain [41]. Examination of -APP-immunostained sections has shown that the evidence and incidence of axonal damage were much more widespread and frequent than were thought to be the case in the past using the classic silver strain techniques [31, 36-38, 41, 42].…”

Section: Neuropathology Of Mtbimentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in Ice Hockey and Other Contact Sports

et al. 2005

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

European Journal of Trauma Ab stractMinor Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) is caused by the inertial effect of a mechanical impact to the head with sudden rotational acceleration forces. MTBI produces, in the less severe cases, only transient disturbances of ionic homeostasis with temporary disturbances of brain function. Depending on the severity of the trauma, animal and human studies have demonstrated focal intraaxonal alterations in neurofilamentous/cytoskeletal network and impairment of axoplasmic transport, which may lead to progressive axonal swelling, detachment or even cell death over a period of hours or days, the so-called process of delayed axotomy. Disturbances of ionic homeostasis, acute metabolic changes and cerebral blood flow alterations compromise the ability of neurons to function and render brain cells vulnerable. These processes may predispose brain cells to a vulnerable state for an undetermined period; therefore, it is recommended that any confused player with or without amnesia should be taken off the ice and not be permitted to play again for at least 72 h. Key Words Cerebral concussion · Minor Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) · International Sports Injury System (ISIS) · Epidemiology · Mechanisms · Process of delayed axotomy · Vulnerability of the brain cells · Return-to-play guidelines · Prevention strategiesEur J Trau ma 2005;31:105-16

show abstract

Early detection of axonal injury after human head trauma using immunocytochemistry for ?-amyloid precursor protein

Cited by 32 publications

References 0 publications

Tissue tears in the white matter after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat: relevance to human brain injury

Tissue tears in the white matter after lateral fluid percussion brain injury in the rat: relevance to human brain injury

Two different immunostaining patterns of beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) may distinguish traumatic from nontraumatic axonal injury

Minor Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) in Ice Hockey and Other Contact Sports

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About