“…Chemostratigraphic studies on the Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Zagros are becoming more commonplace (e.g., Piryaei et al, 2010;Hajikazemi et al 2012;Navidtalab et al, 2019). Reports of mid-Cretaceous LBF in association with age diagnostic planktonic foraminifera from the Zagros succession (Afghah & Shaabanpiur Haghighi, 2014;Kiarostami et al, 2019;Bahrami et al, 2021) and carbon isotope data (e.g., Moosavizadeh et al, 2014) or strontium isotope data (e.g., Hosseini et al, 2016) are a welcome development, provided taxa are identified correctly (see Section 2.1).…”
Section: Working Towards a New Synthesismentioning
Micropalaeontological studies can provide important information on how strata correlate, age calibration, palaeoenvironmental determination, palaeobiology, evolutionary relationships of the taxa being studied, palaeogeography, and the recognition of global or regional geological events in a local succession. However, the value of micropalaeontological studies is constrained by the accuracy with which taxa are identified, the accuracy of their age interpretation, and the use of up-to-date taxonomic concepts, supported by modern research literature. Best practice implies attention to these and other details, which we illustrate with reference to published research on larger benthic foraminifera (especially orbitolinids) from the mid-Cretaceous succession of the Zagros Mountains in the Middle East. It is demonstrated that whilst there are many excellent studies, a significant number could offer more value if they were to use precise, modern taxonomic concepts applied to well-illustrated and documented unequivocal material. Poorly founded age assignments and misidentifications can lead to confusion on assessment of true stratigraphic ranges and evolutionary patterns. Moreover, they can lead to miscorrelation and erroneous modelling of the subsurface in a hydrocarbon-rich region. Integrated studies of larger benthic foraminifera with other age-diagnostic fossil groups or chemostratigraphic methods would further enhance their utility. These recommendations are applicable to micropalaeontological studies on microfossils of any type and age, from any part of the world, but we hope will promote additional rigour in studies on the micropalaeontology of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession of the Zagros that still have much to impart.
“…Chemostratigraphic studies on the Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Zagros are becoming more commonplace (e.g., Piryaei et al, 2010;Hajikazemi et al 2012;Navidtalab et al, 2019). Reports of mid-Cretaceous LBF in association with age diagnostic planktonic foraminifera from the Zagros succession (Afghah & Shaabanpiur Haghighi, 2014;Kiarostami et al, 2019;Bahrami et al, 2021) and carbon isotope data (e.g., Moosavizadeh et al, 2014) or strontium isotope data (e.g., Hosseini et al, 2016) are a welcome development, provided taxa are identified correctly (see Section 2.1).…”
Section: Working Towards a New Synthesismentioning
Micropalaeontological studies can provide important information on how strata correlate, age calibration, palaeoenvironmental determination, palaeobiology, evolutionary relationships of the taxa being studied, palaeogeography, and the recognition of global or regional geological events in a local succession. However, the value of micropalaeontological studies is constrained by the accuracy with which taxa are identified, the accuracy of their age interpretation, and the use of up-to-date taxonomic concepts, supported by modern research literature. Best practice implies attention to these and other details, which we illustrate with reference to published research on larger benthic foraminifera (especially orbitolinids) from the mid-Cretaceous succession of the Zagros Mountains in the Middle East. It is demonstrated that whilst there are many excellent studies, a significant number could offer more value if they were to use precise, modern taxonomic concepts applied to well-illustrated and documented unequivocal material. Poorly founded age assignments and misidentifications can lead to confusion on assessment of true stratigraphic ranges and evolutionary patterns. Moreover, they can lead to miscorrelation and erroneous modelling of the subsurface in a hydrocarbon-rich region. Integrated studies of larger benthic foraminifera with other age-diagnostic fossil groups or chemostratigraphic methods would further enhance their utility. These recommendations are applicable to micropalaeontological studies on microfossils of any type and age, from any part of the world, but we hope will promote additional rigour in studies on the micropalaeontology of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic succession of the Zagros that still have much to impart.
“…The ichthyodectiforms disappeared in the Maastrichtian, near the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction event (Bardack, 1965;Schaeffer and Patterson, 1984). Fossil remains of these fishes have been collected in transitional to open marine deposits of the epicontinental seas around the world, in America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica (Patterson and Rosen, 1977;Arratia et al, 2004;Berrell et al, 2014;Kim et al, 2014;Yabumoto et al, 2018;Bahrami et al, 2021).…”
The discovery of the first Mexican fossil specimen belonging to the species Xiphactinus audax is reported here. This specimen was recovered in the Coniacian-Campanian marine deposits of the Austin Group at the Piedritas site, within the homonymous ejido, Municipality of Ocampo, north of Coahuila. Although the specimen is strongly fragmentary, partially preserved by impressions or molds of the bones, and only shows parts of the head, the opercular series, and the pectoral fins, this has enough anatomical features that allow its specific taxonomic determination. Among these diagnostic features, this fossil has a well-developed ethmopalatine bone, a well-developed supraoccipital crest, a maxilla anteriorly higher than the rest of the bone, and a very robust palatine articular head. Particularly, this fossil exhibits two distinctive features of the genus Xiphactinus, a row of conical teeth, irregularly sized and distributed in the maxilla and dentary bones, as well as a pectoral radius 1 extremely developed and at least 2.5 times wider than the subsequent ray. At the same time, its teeth are smooth and have no sharp edges or carenae, which allows its specific identification. The present discovery complements the geographical distribution of Xiphactinus confirming its wide longitudinal distribution throughout America.
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