Early Compliance and Other Factors Predicting Outcome of Exposure for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Araújo, Luiz Antônio de; Ito, L M; Marks, Isaac

doi:10.1192/bjp.169.6.747

Cited by 80 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We found two RCTs of behavioural therapy (total 96 adults [mean ages 35 and 33 years]; duration 2.5 months and 32 weeks) [33] [34] and two retrospective cohort studies (total 346 adults [mean ages 36 and 34 years]; duration 1 year and 11 weeks), [35] [36] which assessed factors predicting outcome. These found that poorer outcome was predicted by initial severity, depression, longer duration, poorer motivation, and dissatisfaction with the therapeutic relationship.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2017

Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders

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INTRODUCTION: Obsessions or compulsions that cause personal distress or social dysfunction affect about 1% of adult men and 1.5% of adult women. About half of adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have an episodic course, whereas the other half have continuous problems. Prevalence in children and adolescents is 2.7%. The disorder persists in about 40% of children and adolescents at mean follow-up of 5.7 years. METHODS AND OUTCOMES: We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of initial treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder in adults? What are the effects of initial treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents? What are the effects of maintenance treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in adults? What are the effects of maintenance treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder in children and adolescents? What are the effects of treatments for obsessive compulsive disorder in adults who have not responded to initial treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs)? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to August 2007 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). RESULTS: We found 70 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. CONCLUSIONS: In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: addition of antipsychotics to serotonin reuptake inhibitors; behavioural therapy alone or with serotonin reuptake inhibitors; cognitive therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) (alone or with serotonin reuptake inhibitors); electroconvulsive therapy; serotonin reuptake inhibitors (citalopram, clomipramine, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, or sertraline); and optimum duration of maintenance treatment. QUESTIONS Key points• Obsessions or compulsions that cause personal distress or social dysfunction affect about 1% of adult men and 1.5% of adult women. Prevalence in children and adolescents is 2.7%.About half of adults with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) have an episodic course, whereas the other half have continuous problems. Up to half of adults show improvement of symptoms over time. The disorder persists in about 40% of children and adolescents at mean follow-up of 5.7 years.• In adults,CBT and behavioural therapy improve symptoms of OCD compared with a waiting list control.Behavioural therapy may be as effective at improving symptoms as CBT, but we don't know how they compare with SRIs (SSRIs and clomipramine). Behavioural therapy may be more effective than relaxation.• SRIs improve symptoms of OCD in adults ...

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Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

2017

Encyclopedia of Feeding and Eating Disorders

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“…Por outro lado, Araújo et al 29 , em um ensaio clínico randomizado, não identificaram o gênero como possível preditor de resultado no tratamento de 46 pacientes ambulatoriais com TOC, tratados por 9 semanas com duas formas de terapia de EPR (exposição in vivo ou imaginária + in vivo).…”

Section: Gênerounclassified

Fatores preditores de resultados no tratamento do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo com as terapias comportamental e cognitivo-comportamental: uma revisão sistemática

Raffin

Ferrão

Souza

et al. 2008

Rev. psiquiatr. Rio Gd. Sul

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INTRODUÇÃO: As terapias comportamental e cognitivo-comportamental reduzem os sintomas do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo em mais de 70% dos pacientes. Entretanto, cerca de 30% não obtêm nenhuma melhora. Conhecer fatores associados a esses desfechos poderia auxiliar numa melhor indicação do tratamento, incrementando sua eficácia. MÉTODO: Foram revisados trabalhos que investigaram fatores preditivos de resultados nos tratamentos do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo, nas fontes PubMed, PsycINFO e LILACS. Termos utilizados na busca: predictive factors OR prediction AND obsessive-compulsive disorder AND exposure response prevention OR ritual prevention OR behav* therapy OR cognitive behav* therapy, resultando em 104 artigos. As referências dos artigos foram analisadas, possibilitando maior número de trabalhos revisados. Excluíram-se artigos que utilizaram apenas farmacoterapia e aqueles que não abordavam o tema, resultando em 29 artigos. DISCUSSÃO: As variáveis demográficas parecem exercer papel indireto, destacando-se sexo masculino e ausência de companheiro(a) como fatores de pior prognóstico. Maior gravidade e início precoce dos sintomas indicariam piores resultados. O transtorno esquizotípico comórbido é potencialmente negativo. Sintomas relacionados ao colecionismo e com conteúdo sexual/religioso indicam pior prognóstico. Maior nível de insight, motivação e colaboração com o tratamento são características favoráveis. Maior intensidade da melhora e a remissão completa são preditores para a não-recaída. CONCLUSÃO: A identificação de fatores preditores de resultados está longe de ser esclarecida. É possível que múltiplos fatores, cujas associações são complexas, atuem em conjunto. Os resultados podem depender de fatores não-específicos, ainda não abordados pelos estudos. A heterogeneidade do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo e das pesquisas e o uso associado de medicamentos dificultam o estabelecimento de conclusões mais definidas.

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“…In short, the theory assumes that OCD is acquired by way of learning and habituation within the patient. From past trauma and/or unwanted experiences, an individual may begin to "learn" or associate relatively harmless stimuli with anxiety (De Araugo et al, 1996). For instance, a person may become anxious about touching cars after being involved in a major car accident.…”

Section: Causes Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, why are so many people "Washers/ Cleaners"? What common traumatic events could have shaped all of these people to be similar in their OCD (De Araugo et al, 1996))?…”

Section: Causes Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

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OCD: An Analysis of Clinical Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Modern Society

Yiran

2008

VURJ

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, known as OCD in short, is a relatively recent psychological phenomena that has begun to demand an increasing amount of attention and focus from medical and psychiatric institutions due to higher rates of clinical diagnosis. While estimates of OCD sufferers range from less than 1% to more than 5% of the total population, symptoms of OCD are commonly found within a significant percentage of all individuals at one point or another of their lives. This paper attempts to examine the current research that has been conducted of OCD and to examine released statistical data for any emerging patterns of diagnosis. This paper also attempts to clear up any current myths about OCD as portrayed by either the media or pop culture. The importance of research on OCD to our society is also mentioned within the paper, as well as potential root causes of the disorder. Finally, a prescriptive section dealing with possible effective treatment techniques and methods is detailed at the end of the paper.

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Early Compliance and Other Factors Predicting Outcome of Exposure for Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Abstract: The strongest and most consistent predictor of better outcome to weeks 9 and 32 was compliance with exposure and ritual prevention in the first week of treatment.

Cited by 80 publications

References 20 publications

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Fatores preditores de resultados no tratamento do transtorno obsessivo-compulsivo com as terapias comportamental e cognitivo-comportamental: uma revisão sistemática

OCD: An Analysis of Clinical Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Modern Society

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