“…Rare applications of the harmonic scalpel in laparoscopic surgery, only performed by individual surgeons largely experienced in the technique, include gastric resections [21], laparoscopic cholecystectomy [22,24,44], liver resections [18,20,34,42,47], pancreatic surgery (management of pseudocysts) [45,52] or subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) for treatment of chronic venous insufficiency [33] and resection of large connective tissue tumors [37,38,41]. The use of the harmonic scalpel for breast surgery has been reported by single groups [8,9,16].…”