Early Childhood Stress and Child Age Predict Longitudinal Increases in Obesogenic Eating Among Low-Income Children

Miller, Alison L.; Gearhardt, Ashley N.; Retzloff, Lauren; Sturza, Julie; Kaciroti, Niko; Lumeng, Julie C.

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2018.01.007

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[41][42][43][44] This study also provides new evidence of neuronal correlates of disinhibited eating behaviours in this young age group, indicating that alterations in executive control, salience, reward, and default network functional circuitry begin early in the life course and may underlie the risk for later life obesity via overeating. The results of the current study confirm observations made by prior studies in which hedonically motivated disinhibited eating behaviours were documented in young children, 3 to 6 years old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The results of the current study confirm observations made by prior studies in which hedonically motivated disinhibited eating behaviours were documented in young children, 3 to 6 years old. [41][42][43][44] This study also provides new evidence of neuronal correlates of disinhibited eating behaviours in this young age group, indicating that alterations in executive control, salience, reward, and default network functional circuitry begin early in the life course and may underlie the risk for later life obesity via overeating. Furthermore, some evidence suggests that EAH, as a specific disinhibited eating behaviour, is stable over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

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Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Recent work has implicated disinhibited eating behaviours (DEB) as a potential pathway toward obesity development in children. However, the underlying neurobiology of disinhibited eating behaviours in young, healthy weight children, prior to obesity development, remains unknown. Objectives This study tested the relationship between DEB and intrinsic neuronal activity and connectivity in young children without obesity. Methods Brain networks implicated in overeating including reward, salience and executive control networks, and the default mode network were investigated. DEB was measured by the eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) paradigm with postlunch kilocalories consumed from highly palatable foods (EAH kcal) used as the predictor. Intrinsic neuronal activity within and connectivity between specified networks were measured via resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Eighteen typically developing children (mean age = 5.8 years) were included. Results EAH kcal was positively associated with activity of the nucleus accumbens, a major reward network hub (P < 0.05, corrected). EAH kcal was negatively associated with intrinsic prefrontal cortex connectivity to the striatum (P < 0.01, corrected). Conclusions These results suggest that neural aspects of DEB are detectable in young children without obesity, providing a potential tool to better understand the development of obesity in this population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 60%

Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks

et al. 2019

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“…However, multiple additional mechanisms may explain these results. First, families including mothers who smoke may experience greater family stress, which may contribute to child reward‐driven, obesogenic eating . Second, mothers who smoke may exhibit risk factors for obesity themselves including altered chemosensation, increased fat/carbohydrate liking, poor diet, dietary restraint, and altered food reinforcement; thus, they may provide a poor diet to children and/or model reward‐driven, obesogenic eating.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, families including mothers who smoke may experience greater family stress, which may contribute to child reward-driven, obesogenic eating. 15 Second, mothers who smoke may exhibit risk factors for obesity themselves including altered chemosensation, increased fat/carbohydrate liking, poor diet, dietary restraint, and altered food reinforcement 16,17 ; thus, they may provide a poor diet to children and/or model rewarddriven, obesogenic eating. Third, mothers who smoke may expose children prenatally and during lactation, which-as shown in rodent models-may alter motivational drives for high-fat foods (although our measure of nicotine dependence did not ask about smoking during these periods).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal nicotine dependence is associated with longitudinal increases in child obesogenic eating behaviors

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Meta‐analysis shows that parental cigarette smoking is associated with child obesity. Objectives This study tested for associations between severity of maternal nicotine dependence and longitudinal changes in child eating behavior in archival data analysis. Methods Maternal nicotine dependence was assessed with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Child eating behavior was assessed with the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire when children were ages 4, 6, 8, and 10. Results Over and above the influence of child age, child biological sex, and family income‐to‐needs ratio, more severe maternal nicotine dependence was associated with greater increases in child Food Responsiveness (γ = 0.07, SEγ = 0.03, P = .014, 95% CI [0.01, 0.13]) and Emotional Overeating (γ = 0.06, SEγ = 0.03, P = .024, 95% CI [0.01, 0.11]) across 6 years. Conclusions Maternal nicotine dependence may be a transdiagnostic risk factor that identifies children at risk for reward‐driven, obesogenic eating behavior.

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“…Some evidence suggests that this association begins in early childhood 4‐6 . For instance, in studies of preschool‐age children, exposure to adversity is associated with eating in the absence of hunger and emotional overeating, and may also be linked to greater consumption of obesogenic foods (eg, fast food, sugar‐sweetened beverages, sweets, salty snacks) 7‐9 . Identifying mechanisms underlying the association between adversity and obesogenic food consumption in young children and intervening on this pathway as early as possible is crucial given that unhealthy eating behaviours contribute to childhood obesity 10 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adversity exposure and obesogenic food consumption in young children: The transgenerational role of emotion dysregulation

2020

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Background: Childhood adversity is linked with unhealthy eating behaviours and obesity, but the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear, specifically the transgenerational behavioural precursors that develop in early childhood. Objective: To determine whether adversity predicts change in obesogenic food consumption through child emotion dysregulation, and whether caregiver emotion dysregulation modifies this association. Methods: Participants included 190 low-income caregiver-child dyads (mean child age = 4.31 years [SD = 0.85]). Cumulative lifetime adversity exposure was assessed via study-created measure. The Difficulties with Emotion Regulation Scale and Emotion Regulation Checklist assessed caregiver and child emotion dysregulation, respectively. Children's obesogenic food consumption was assessed at two time points 6 months apart using a caregiver-report measure: the Children's Eating Habits Questionnaire. Moderated mediation models were tested using autoregressive structural equation modelling. Results: Cumulative lifetime adversity was associated with child emotion dysregulation only when caregiver emotion dysregulation was high. Child emotion dysregulation in turn was associated with greater obesogenic food consumption 6 months later. Conclusions: Among young children with caregivers high in emotion dysregulation, cumulative lifetime adversity was linked to an increase in obesogenic food consumption through child emotion dysregulation.

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Early Childhood Stress and Child Age Predict Longitudinal Increases in Obesogenic Eating Among Low-Income Children

Cited by 35 publications

References 32 publications

Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks

Eating in the absence of hunger in young children is related to brain reward network hyperactivity and reduced functional connectivity in executive control networks

Maternal nicotine dependence is associated with longitudinal increases in child obesogenic eating behaviors

Adversity exposure and obesogenic food consumption in young children: The transgenerational role of emotion dysregulation

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