Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

Angers, Denis A.; Samson, Nathalie; Légère, Anne

doi:10.4141/cjss93-005

Cited by 106 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Relative soil aggregation under no-tillage (NT) versus conventional tillage (CT), expressed as the ratio of the mean weight diameter of water-stable aggregates. Data from [35,57,59,60,106,111,132,137,164,188,216,228] for (sub)tropical soils and from [8,53,108,115,161,233,250,264] for temperate soils. Table VII.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of C Sequestration Under No-tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Feller²,

et al. 2002

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-The long-term stabilization of soil organic matter (SOM) in tropical and temperate regions is mediated by soil biota (e.g. fungi, bacteria, roots and earthworms), soil structure (e.g. aggregation) and their interactions. On average, soil C turnover was twice as fast in tropical compared with temperate regions, but no major differences were observed in SOM quality between the two regions. Probably due to the soil mineralogy dominated by 1:1 clay minerals and oxides in tropical regions, we found a higher aggregate stability, but a lower correlation between C contents and aggregate stability in tropical soils. In addition, a smaller amount of C associated with clay and silt particles was observed in tropical versus temperate soils. In both tropical and temperate soils, a general increase in C levels (≈ 325 ± 113 kg C·ha -1 ·yr -1 ) was observed under no-tillage compared with conventional tillage. On average, in temperate soils under no-tillage, compared with conventional tillage, CH 4 uptake (≈ 0.42 ± 0.10 kg C-CH 4 ·ha -1 ·yr -1 ) increased and N 2 O emissions increased (≈ 1.95 ± 0.45 kg N-N 2 O·ha -1 ·yr -1 ). These increased N 2 O emissions lead to a negative global warming potential when expressed on a CO 2 equivalent basis. La stabilisation à long terme de la matière organique du sol (MOS) dans les régions tempérées et intertropicales est sous la dépendance de l'activité biologique (champignons, bactéries, macrofaune et racines), de la structure du sol (agrégation) et de leurs interactions. En moyenne, si le turnover du carbone du sol (C) est environ deux fois plus rapide en régions intertropicales qu'en régions tempérées, peu de différences apparaissent toutefois quant à la qualité de la MOS sous ces climats différents. La stabilité de l'agrégation est plus élevée pour les sols des régions intertropicales, ceci étant probablement dû à leur minéralogie dominée par des argiles de type 1:1 associés à des oxihydroxides métalliques. Toutefois, pour les sols tropicaux, la corrélation entre teneur en C et stabilité de l'agrégation est plus faible et de moindres quantités de C sont associées avec les éléments fins (argile+limon). Aussi bien sous climats tempéré que tropical et subtropical, une augmentation générale des stocks de C du sol (≈ 325 ± 113 kg C·ha -1 ·an -1 ) est observée avec les pratiques de non labour. Pour les sols des régions tempérées, si une fixation de CH 4 (≈ 0.42 ± 0.10 kg C-CH 4 ·ha -1 ·an -1 ) est mesurée sous non-labour, parallèlement une émission de N 2 O est observée (≈ 1.95 ± 0.45 kg N-N 2 O·ha -1 ·an -1 ), conduisant finalement à un bilan négatif en terme de réchauffement global exprimé en équivalents de flux de C-CO 2 .carbone du sol / agrégation / émissions N 2 O / non-labour / régions tempérées et intertropicales INTRODUCTIONThe conservation of sufficient soil organic matter (SOM) levels is crucial for the biological, chemical and physical soil functioning in both temperate and tropical ecosystems. Appropriate levels of SOM ensure soil fertility and minimize agricultural impac...

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Section: Mechanisms Of C Sequestration Under No-tillagementioning

confidence: 99%

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Feller²,

et al. 2002

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“…Aggregation, however, is a multi-faceted process and SMB would be only one of the agents involved . Studies have shown the importance of soil water content and a range of soil biochemical properties associated with aggregate stability (Angers et al 1993a). Thus, due to the above variability, relationships between SMB and aggregate stability are not very consistent, and tend to be mainly site-specific.…”

Section: Maintain Aggregationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of microbial biomass measurements for soil quality assessment in humid temperate regions

Carter¹,

Gregorich²,

Angers³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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Interpretation of microbial biomass measurements for soil quality assessment in humid temperate regions. Can. J. Soil Sci. 79: 507-520. Soil microbial biomass (SMB) measurements are often used in soil biological analysis; however, their interpretation can be problematic. In this review, both the limitations and benefits of indirect (both CHCl 3 fumigation incubation and fumigation extraction, and substrate-induced respiration) SMB measurements are outlined, along with their value and interpretation as attributes or indicators to assess some soil quality (SQ) functions (e.g., enhance plant growth, maintain aggregation, regulate energy) for mainly humid, temperate soils, with specific emphasis on research conducted in eastern Canada and New Zealand. Indirect SMB methods are subject to limitations analogous to "soil test" procedures (e.g., soil sampling and handling, water content, storage prior to treatment), and also the difficulties with establishing an acceptable "control" and fraction (i.e., k value) of SMB mineralized or extracted. In many cases, such limitations present a need for some degree of standardization (e.g., pre-conditions of 7-to 10-d incubation at 25°C and -0.001MPa water potential) prior to SMB measurement. However, for SQ assessment, where "comparative" rather than "absolute" values of SMB are often of interest, use of commonly derived k values seem appropriate for surface soils.Soil ecological factors govern SMB and often underlie much of the spatial and temporal variation in SMB. Plant species composition, mainly through net primary productivity and litter quality, can affect SMB measurements along with trophic cascades in soil, where interactions among soil organisms can influence microbial activity. Benefits of SMB measurements relate mainly to the assessment of both soil C turnover and management induced changes in organic matter. The combination of SMB and δ 13 C to elucidate the transformations and fate of organic C in cropping and soil management systems has also shown that both temporal and spatial redistribution of C inputs, and soil type (i.e., particle size distribution) are dominant factors in turnover and nutrient flow through the SMB.For SQ assessment, SMB is not a useful indicator for the function of soil as a "medium for plant growth" in regard to plant productivity for intensively farmed temperate soils. For the function of soil to "maintain aggregation", where SMB is one agent only of a multi-faceted process, the relationship between SMB and soil aggregation is not always present and tends to be site-specific. In regard to the "regulate energy" soil function, SMB is related to some degree with decomposition and mineralization processes. The main role of SMB for SQ assessment is to serve within a minimum data set of other indicators (e.g., macroorganic C) to monitor soil organic C storage and change.Key words: Soil microbial biomass, humid climate, soil quality Carter, M. R., Gregorich, E. G., Angers, D. A., Beare, M. H., Sparling, G. P., Wardle, D. A. et Voroney, R. P. 1999. ...

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“…There were significant positive relationships between aggregate stability and organic C for air-dry aggregates (R = 0.24, P < 0.05), aggregates ar 0.09-0.11 kg kg-1 moisture content (R = 0.44, P < 0.01) and saturated aggregates Angers et al (1993), Carter et al (1994 and Hamblin and Greenland (1977). Stronger relationships between aggregate stability and organic matter may occur if specific fractions of organic matter are correlated with stability.…”

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confidence: 86%

“…Stronger relationships between aggregate stability and organic matter may occur if specific fractions of organic matter are correlated with stability. These fractions include fungal biomass (Angers et al 1993; Gupta and Germida 1988), labile soil organic matter (Baldock et al 1987), heavy-fraction carbohydrates (Roberson et al I99l), hot-water-soluble carbohydrates (Haynes and Swift 1990), and the aliphatic hydrophobic component of organic matter (Dinel et al 1992). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil amendments and water-stable aggregation of a desurfaced Dark Brown Chernozem

Sun¹,

Larney²,

Bullock³

1995

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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improved by the application of organic u-"nd-*tr. In spring 1992, a desurfaced Dark Brown Chernozem in southern Alberta was amended with six animal manures, four crop residuis ant two rates of phosphate fertilizer, to determine their efficacy in restoring soil productivity. Eroded check (no amendment) and topsoil check (no desurfacing) treatments were left for comparison. One year later, wet aggregate stability at five levels of aggregate pre-wetting was determined. Aggregate stabilities of crop residueu-"nd"d soils were irgnincatrtty higher (P < 0.01) than thoie oi soils treated with animal manures or fertilizer/checks at all wetness levels. Signifrcant (P < 0.01) quadratic response and plateau relationships between aggregate subilty and soil water content showed that there was a threshold moisture content for maximum stability. With the onset of rainfall, aggregates on the crop residue-amended treatments would reach maximum stability sooner than those on the fertilizer/check treafinents, thereby decreasing the potential for water erosion. Stability of air-dry aggregates showed weak positive relationships with organic and inorganic C. Amendment of eroded soils with crop ."iido"r is ti-tely more effective in limiting erosion than amendment with animal manures or chemical fertilizers, at least in the first year after incorporation. The hog manure and poultry manure contained large amounts of wheat straw. The old cattle manure was from the same source as the fresh material but had been stockoiled for 2-3 yr. The composted manure came from a diffirent source, and had been composted for 1 yr in large windrows which were regularly aerated. The alfalfa hay, pea hay and barley straw had been harvested and baled in summer 1991.All amendments were applied at a rate of 20 Mg ha-l 1dry weight). Samples of amendments were finely ground (< 150 pm) and total C, total N and CA.{ ratios ( RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe barley straw + 200 kg ha-l P treatment resulted in the higher;t stability at all levels of aggregate wetness except airdry (Iable 2), and was significantly different from the 200 k1g ha-l of P at all levels of aggregate wetness. One year after incorporation, barley straw had increased the stability of ther desurfaced soil by 15.5Vo at the air-dry aggregate moisfirre content, l9.lVo at 0.09-0.11 kg kg-r, 12.57o at 0.16-11.18 kg kg-1, 5.5Va at0.24-0.26 kg kg-t and 5.l7o at saturated moisture content (Table 2).In sremi-arid areas like southern Alberta, moisture content of surface aggregates is quite likely to be in the range where maxirnum increases in stability due to straw incorporation occurred (air-dry to 0.11 kg kg-l). In addition to physical protection from raindrop impact, the higher stability of airdry aggregates on the surface of the straw-amended soil would help them withstand slaking forces during rapid wetting at the onset of a rainstorm. Their higher stability at the 0.09-0.11 kg kg-l moisture content suggests that with initial slow wetting (e.g., light rainfall) these aggregates could maintain much of thei...

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Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production

Cited by 106 publications

References 6 publications

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Soil organic matter, biota and aggregation in temperate and tropical soils - Effects of no-tillage

Interpretation of microbial biomass measurements for soil quality assessment in humid temperate regions

Soil amendments and water-stable aggregation of a desurfaced Dark Brown Chernozem

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