Early Changes in the Germinal Epithelium of Rat Testes Following Exposure to Heat

Chowdhury, A. K.; Steinberger, Emil

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0220205

Cited by 145 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Early round spermatids also show susceptibility to heat (Chowdhury and Steinberger 1970) and Novi (1968) has described late nuclear vacuolation of early round spermatids after FA treatment which is morphologically similar to that described after acute heat damage (Chowdhury and Steinberger 1970). The latter described very early nuclear changes leading to vacuolation whereas we have found a more delayed response, sometimes as late as 64 hr post-heat.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…The response of these cells to heat is rapid, but only recent observations have shown that there is histological damage within 1-12 hr after heating (Waites and Ortavant 1968;Blackshaw and Hamilton 1970;Chowdhury and Steinberger 1970;Samisoni and Blackshaw 1971). Chowdhury and Steinberger (1970) have demonstrated a nuclear basophilia and enhanced PAS staining of the cytoplasm and in our hands there is a prominent cytoplasmic chromophilia to eosin or Alcian blue (Blackshaw and Hamilton 1970;Samisoni and Blackshaw 1971). Eosin is typical of the fluorescein dyes which are aromatic sulphonic acids and bind to hydrophobic sites of proteins (Dodd and Radda 1967;Flanagan and Ainsworth 1968).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

“…The pachytene primary spermatocyte of the ram (Waites and Ortavant 1968;Samisoni and Blackshaw 1971;Samisoni 1972), the pig (Mazzari et al 1968), and the rat (Blackshaw and Hamilton 1970;Chowdhury and Steinberger 1970) have been shown to be damaged within 1-12 hr after heating the testis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spermatid has also been shown to be heat-sensitive (VanDemark and Free 1970) and Chowdhury and Steinberger (1970) have demonstrated the early formation of nuclear vacuoles in very young spermatids with eccentric location of the chromatin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat

Blackshaw¹,

Hamilton²,

Massey³

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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Immersion of the scrotal testis of the rat in water at 42°C for 30 min caused rapid damage to pachytene primary spermatocytes in stages 1, 2, 3, and occasionally 8 of the seminiferous epithelium. There was cytoplasmic chromophilia with eosin or Alcian blue and binding of the fluorescent dye 2-p-toluidinylnapthalene-6-sulphonate to the cell membranes. Rapid dissolution of damaged cells occurred and most had disappeared by 28 hr after heating. Early round spermatids also showed nuclear changes with vacuolation and the development of "signet ring" nuclei.Quantitative estimates of germ cell damage showed that the pre-meiotic stages were most susceptible to heat and that the later stages showed mainly maturation depletion changes.Acid phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase showed early histochemical increases about the damaged pachytene primary spermatocytes and these persisted until the damaged cells had been removed. Changes in the distribution of lactate and succinate dehydrogenases were also seen after heating.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat

Blackshaw¹,

Hamilton²,

Massey³

1973

Aust. Jnl. Of Bio. Sci.

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“…Moore and Chase [31] and Fukui [12] demonstrated experimentally that the higher temperature of the abdominal cavity is responsible for the changes observed in cryptorchid testes. Quantitative analysis of changes to the seminiferous epithelium of rats exposed to local testicular heating [7,8] have shown that among germ cells primary spermatocytes are the most sensitive to damage by heat and that late spermatids are relatively resistant. The mechanism underlying heat damage in testes, however, remains obscure.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the Spermatid-Specific Hsp70 Antigen is Conserved in Mammals Including Marsupials

Tsunekawa

Nishida

Fujimoto

1999

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. The anatomical location of testes in mammals ranges from a location close to that observed in the embryo to a lower position usually involving a pendant scrotum. In scrotal mammals, the abdominal position of the cryptorchid testis, which elevates its temperature, is detrimental to spermatogenesis and causes infertility. Spermatocytes are sensitive but late spermatids are relatively resistant to thermal stress suggesting that the latter might be protected in some way. In general, most organisms express Hsp70 proteins, which play a crucial role in the protection of cells against thermal stress. We have found previously that the Hsc70t protein, a member of the Hsp70 family of proteins, is constitutively expressed in the late spermatids of mice. Here, we have utilized immunohistochemistry with anti-mouse Hsc70t antiserum to examine the expression of the spermatid-specific Hsp70 antigen in the testes of several mammalian species with different degrees of testes migration. Our data indicate that the antigen is conserved in the mammals including marsupials. We also examined whether antigens of Hsp70-related proteins were expressed in non-mammalian vertebrates including not only homoiothermal but also poikilothermal animals. The spermatid-specific Hsp70 antigens were not detectable in the testes of the animals examined. From results of immunohistochemistry with BRM22 monoclonal antibody which reacts broadly with Hsp70 family proteins, however, we revealed constitutive expression of antigens of Hsp70-related proteins in spermatogenic cells of the vertebrates. These results suggest that the expression of spermatid-specific Hsp70 protein may be involved in the developmental pathway during spermiogenesis in mammals rather than in thermotolerance.-KEY WORDS: Hsp70, immunohistochemistry, mammal, spermatogenesis, testis migration.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61(4): [381][382][383][384][385][386][387][388] 1999 prominent and evolutionary well conserved is the 70 kDa heat shock protein (Hsp70) [26]. Some role of the Hsp70 in cellular response to heat injury is suggested by the temporal correlation between Hsp70 synthesis and the appearance of thermotolerance [22,23,43] and the increased sensitivity to heat when intracellular Hsp70 levels are reduced by antiHsp70 antibodies [38] or by competitive inhibition of Hsp70 mRNA [18]. Most eukaryotes have a large family of at least five Hsp70-related proteins [15,16,32]. A unique pattern of expression of Hsp70 has been revealed during mouse and rat spermatogenesis [2,19,20]. Mouse Hsp70-2 has been shown to be expressed at high levels during meiosis [41]. Extensive analyses using knock-out mutant mice of the Hsp70-2 gene revealed that Hsp70-2 is required for synaptonemal complex desynapsis [1,9,10,51]. We have showed that another kind of Hsp70-related protein, Hsc70t, is expressed in late spermatids during spermiogenesis [27,29,45]. The amino acid sequences of mouse Hsc70t gene and human orthologous gene HSPA1L are highly similar to those of heat-inducible Hsp70 genes, but these genes d...

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Acute, whole‐body microwave exposure and testicular function of rats

Lebovitz

Johnson

1987

Bioelectromagnetics

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Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 8 h to continuous-wave microwave radiation (MWR, 1.3 Ghz) at a mean specific absorbed dose rate of 9 mW/g. MWR exposure and sham-irradiation took place in unidirectionally energized cylindrical waveguide sections, within which the animals were essentially unrestrained. The MWR treatment in this setting was determined to yield an elevation of deep rectal temperature to 4.5 degrees C. The animals were taken for analysis at 6.5, 13, 26, and 52 days following treatment, which corresponded to .5, 1, 2, and 4 cycles of the seminiferous epithelium. Net mass of testes, epididymides, and seminal vesicles; daily sperm production (DSP) per testis and per gram of testis; and the number of epididymal sperm were determined. The levels of circulating follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH) were derived via radioimmunoassay of plasma samples taken at the time of sacrifice. Despite the evident acute thermogenesis of the MWR at 9 mW/g, no substantial decrement in testicular function was found. We conclude that, in the unrestrained rat, whole body irradiation at 9 mW/g, while sufficient to induce evident hyperthermia, is not a sufficient condition for disruption of any of these key measures of testicular function.

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Early Changes in the Germinal Epithelium of Rat Testes Following Exposure to Heat

Cited by 145 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat

Effect of Scrotal Heating on Testicular Enzymes and Spermatogenesis in the Rat

Expression of the Spermatid-Specific Hsp70 Antigen is Conserved in Mammals Including Marsupials

Acute, whole‐body microwave exposure and testicular function of rats

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