Abstract:The two living species of bison (European and American) are among the few terrestrial megafauna to have survived the late Pleistocene extinctions. Despite the extensive bovid fossil record in Eurasia, the evolutionary history of the European bison (or wisent, Bison bonasus) before the Holocene (<11.7 thousand years ago (kya)) remains a mystery. We use complete ancient mitochondrial genomes and genome-wide nuclear DNA surveys to reveal that the wisent is the product of hybridization between the extinct steppe b… Show more
“…1) and with the ancestors of the cattle we later domesticated. The eventful history of the wisent is now being reconstructed by several research groups, but the quest to pin down its ancestry has produced conflicting answers [1, 2]. Fig.…”
Delving into European prehistory, two recent studies analyze ancient DNA from bison species depicted by our ancestors on the walls of their caves. The DNA tells a story of migrations driven by climate change but leaves some mystery clouding the genetic descent and climate preference of the still-extant wisent, otherwise known as the European bison.See research articles:
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-016-0317-7
http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13158
“…1) and with the ancestors of the cattle we later domesticated. The eventful history of the wisent is now being reconstructed by several research groups, but the quest to pin down its ancestry has produced conflicting answers [1, 2]. Fig.…”
Delving into European prehistory, two recent studies analyze ancient DNA from bison species depicted by our ancestors on the walls of their caves. The DNA tells a story of migrations driven by climate change but leaves some mystery clouding the genetic descent and climate preference of the still-extant wisent, otherwise known as the European bison.See research articles:
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-016-0317-7
http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms13158
“…Lazarev (2009: 73-74) believes that the direct descendant of the prehistoric (steppe) bison is the contemporary American bison. However, there are other points of view regarding the origin of contemporary bisons, according to which the evolution followed the track of hybridization of Bos primigenius Bojanus, 1827 and Bison priscus (see Soubrier et al, 2016). Prevailing specific traits of Bison representatives are: the ability to adapt to the cold climate and diverse stations.…”
ABSTRACT. Contemporary American bison (Bison bison (Linnaeus, 1758)) and European bison (Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758)) are introduced (alien) species at the territory of Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve. Presently, extensive interchange of parasitic fauna between the bisons and aboriginal ungulates is recorded, therefore, monitoring their helminth fauna appears to be a pressing issue. The current paper presents a survey of the helminth fauna in American bison and European bison based on the results of original research and literature data analysis. The investigation of faeces samples of American bisons from the nature reserve revealed eggs of Trichostrongylus sp. with length of 78.5 µm and width of 40 µm in size as well as those of Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) with length of 60 and width of 20-22 µm in size. The eggs of Strongyloides papillosus in bisons from the nature reserve are recorded for the first time. It is supposed that the bisons contract this nematode species from sika deer (Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838), yet previously it was believed that deer and bisons are safe for each other in terms of helminthic infections. The study has shown the heterogenous composition of helminth fauna in contemporary American bison and European bison in different parts of their range, which appears to be connected with the circulation of helminthes among deers and bisons populating a particular area. The absence of highly specific, high-avid helminthes in the bisons has been found. 1758)) на территории Приокско-Террасного заповедника являются интродуцированными (завезен-ными) видами. В настоящее время идет активный взаимообмен паразитофауной между ними и аборигенными копытными, что делает актуальным мониторинг их гельминтофауны. В статье приводится обзор гельминтофауны бизонов и зубров, основанный на результатах собственных исследований и анализе литературных данных. При исследовании проб фекалий от бизонов с территории заповедника были обнаружены яйца Trichostrongylus sp. длиной 78.5 µm и шириной 40 µm, а так же яйца Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856) длиной 60 µm и шириной 20-22 µm. Яйца Strongyloides papillosus у бизонов Приокско-Террасного заповедника регистрируется впервые. Предполагается, что заражения бизонов данным видом нематоды происходит от пятнистых оленей (Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838). Ранее считалось, что олени и бизоны безопасны друг для друга в гельминтологическом отношении. Исследование показало неоднородность состава гельминтофау-ны современных бизонов и зубров в различных частях ареала, что связано с циркуляцией гельмин-тов между копытными и бизонами, обитающими на конкретной территории. Установлено отсут-ствие у бизонов видоспецифичных гельминтов.
“…Sequencing of the whole mitochondrial genome Doublestranded Illumina libraries were built from 20 μL of DNA extract using partial uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) treatment (Rohland et al 2015) and truncated Illumina adapters with dual 7-mer internal barcodes, following the protocol from (Soubrier et al 2016). The complete mitochondrial genome of the Marmaray sample was captured using hybridisation with commercial RNA baits (MYcroarray) (Soubrier et al 2016).…”
Section: Sequencing Of the Mitochondrial Control Regionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The complete mitochondrial genome of the Marmaray sample was captured using hybridisation with commercial RNA baits (MYcroarray) (Soubrier et al 2016). The enriched library was sequenced in paired-end reactions on an Illumina MiSeq machine.…”
Section: Sequencing Of the Mitochondrial Control Regionmentioning
The origin of the European bison (Bison bonasus, Linnaeus, 1758) has been widely discussed and investigated in recent years. The species had a wide historic geographic distribution throughout the European continent during the middle and late Holocene, ranging from France in the west to the Caucasus in the east. However, archaeological evidence is needed to resolve the southern extent of the European bison distribution. We discovered one bison skull fragment during archaeological excavations in 2008 in the area of Yenikapı Metro and Marmaray (Turkey). Radiocarbon dating indicated the skull was deposited during the Byzantine period (seventh to eighth century AD). Mitochondrial genome analyses provided clear evidence that the skull was from a European bison. This is the first unambiguous evidence of the presence of this species in southeastern Europe during Byzantine times, which validates the historical written records of a potentially wider range of the European bison in historical times.
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