Early cannabis initiation and educational attainment: is the association causal? Data from the French TEMPO study

Melchior, Maria; Bolze, Camille; Fombonne, Éric; Surkan, Pamela J.; Pryor, Laura; Jauffret‐Roustide, Marie

doi:10.1093/ije/dyx065

Cited by 41 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Our finding of a potential causal relationship between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult socioeconomic status is in line with findings from multiple epidemiological studies, which have reported similar associations that survive adjustments for measured preexposure confounds as well as propensity score analyses (18,54,57,58). Indeed, comparative studies have suggested that adolescent cannabis use is a better marker for lower educational attainment than adolescent alcohol use (57).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in three longitudinal twin studies

Schaefer

Hamdi

Malone

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Observational studies have linked cannabis use to an array of negative outcomes, including psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, and educational and occupational underachievement. These associations are particularly strong when cannabis use occurs in adolescence. Nevertheless, causality remains unclear. The purpose of the present study was thus to examine associations between prospectively assessed adolescent cannabis use and young-adult outcomes (psychiatric, cognitive, and socioeconomic) in three longitudinal studies of twins (n = 3,762). Twins reporting greater cumulative cannabis use in adolescence reported higher levels of psychopathology as well as poorer socioeconomic outcomes in young adulthood. However, cannabis use remained associated only with socioeconomic outcomes (i.e., educational attainment, occupational status, and income) in monozygotic-cotwin control analyses, which account fully for shared genetic and environmental confounding. Follow-up analyses examining associations between twin differences in adolescent cannabis use and longitudinal change in academic functioning during the middle- and high-school years provided a possible mechanism for these associations, indicating that greater cannabis use during this period was associated with decreases in grade point average and academic motivation as well as increases in academic problem behavior and school disciplinary problems. Our findings thus suggest that cannabis use in adolescence has potentially causal, deleterious effects on adolescent academic functioning and young-adult socioeconomic outcomes despite little evidence suggesting a strong, causal influence on adult mental health or cognitive ability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in three longitudinal twin studies

Schaefer

Hamdi

Malone

et al. 2021

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Mechanisms of anxiety and avoidance may also explain why some students who feel uncomfortable at school miss class to consume cannabis. Longitudinal studies have confirmed participant concerns that cannabis use is associated with school absenteeism, lower educational attainment, and early school dropout (Lynskey & Hall, 2000;Melchior et al, 2017). Participants also noted that the risks of operating a vehicle or attending work while impaired may be downplayed by those who use frequently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Cannabis Use Among Mental Health Professionals: A Qualitative Study of Cannabis-Related Risk Perceptions

Ghelani

2021

Journal of Drug Issues

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Background: Perceptions of cannabis-related risk are changing, and many are viewing cannabis as harmless despite the biopsychosocial risks. Perceptions of risk have an impact on behavior as individuals who are less likely to view cannabis as risky are more likely to use it problematically. Purpose: This study examined how mental health professionals who use cannabis perceive the risks related to use. Methods: Interpretative phenomenological analysis was utilized to understand how participants made sense of the harm related to personal and client use. Interviews were conducted with a sample of social workers, nurses, and psychotherapists who work with cannabis-consuming clients. Results: Participants reported cannabis use is related to anxiety, relational challenges, impaired driving, psychosis, cognitive impairment, educational/employment dysfunction, and addiction in some users. Conclusion: Assessing risk perceptions among cannabis users can reveal subtle psychosocial problems the user may be experiencing. Mental health workers may benefit from further education regarding cannabis-related physical health harm.

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“…There are many uncertainties regarding the direction of the association between socioeconomic characteristics and cannabis use. A study published in 2017 37 shows that early cannabis initiation (≤16 years old) predicts educational attainment even when accounting for individual and family factors. Early cannabis use and educational attainment appear more strongly associated in young women than in young men.…”

Section: Cannabismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cohort Profile: The TEMPO Cohort Study

Mary‐Krause

Bustamante

Bolze

et al. 2021

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Early cannabis initiation and educational attainment: is the association causal? Data from the French TEMPO study

Abstract: Early cannabis can cause low educational attainment. Youths who initiate cannabis use early require attention from addiction and education specialists to reduce their odds of poor long-term outcomes.

Cited by 41 publications

References 79 publications

Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in three longitudinal twin studies

Associations between adolescent cannabis use and young-adult functioning in three longitudinal twin studies

Cannabis Use Among Mental Health Professionals: A Qualitative Study of Cannabis-Related Risk Perceptions

Cohort Profile: The TEMPO Cohort Study

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