Early breastfeeding problems: A mixed method study of mothers’ experiences

Feenstra, Maria Monberg; Kirkeby, Mette Jørgine; Thygesen, Marianne Kirstine; Danbjørg, Dorthe Boe; Kronborg, Hanne

doi:10.1016/j.srhc.2018.04.003

Cited by 105 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…Primiparous women are more likely to experience pain during breastfeeding than multiparous women is perhaps not a surprising result, nevertheless it is in line with other researchers' findings (Feenstra, Kirkeby, Thygesen, Danbjørg, & Kronborg, ). It is of utmost importance that professional prenatal breastfeeding education is given, in particular to expecting first time parents.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Almost every second woman who reported pain during breastfeeding had a baby that had been given supplementary feeding sometime during the first 3 days postpartum. When mothers have doubts about whether the baby was satisfied after breastfeeding or not, babies are more often given supplementary feeding (Feenstra et al, ). Supplementary feeding can result in suckling less effective or may result in breast refusal (Newman, ), and when given supplementary feeding during initiating of breastfeeding it has been shown to increase complications such as nipple pain (Cloherty et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context

Johansson

Fenwick

Thies-Lagergren

2019

American J Hum Biol

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Objectives:The objective was to investigate the prevalence of mothers who experienced pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period and to describe associated factors.Methods: Medical records of 987 mothers and their babies were scrutinized. Chi-square Test, McNemar's test, and relative risk with a 95% confidence interval were applied for analysis.Results: During the in-hospital postnatal stay, 19.5% mothers experienced pain during breastfeeding. At discharge, the rate was 8.8% (ρ < .001) and at the follow-up hospital visit 2 to 3 days after birth 17.5% (ρ = .104). Pain when breastfeeding was associated with primiparity (RR 2.02; 95% CI 1.53-2.66), epidural block during labor (RR 1.50; 95% CI 1.17-1.94), cracked nipples (RR 5.94; 95% CI 4.84-7.27), the use of a nipple shield (RR 6.34; 95% CI 5.43-7.41), supplementary feeding (RR 2.19; 95% CI 1.71-2.80), and longer hospital stay (RR 1.88; 95% CI 1.46-2.42). Conclusions: During the early postnatal period, Swedish mothers commonly experienced pain during breastfeeding. Although the rate dropped at discharge, it rose again by the time mothers returned for their follow-up visit. The rebound rate could be explained by breast engorgement, a baby's shallow latch or the effect of an epidural block. Midwives and nurses assisting women during intrapartum and postpartum care must be aware of factors associated with pain during early breastfeeding.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context

Johansson

Fenwick

Thies-Lagergren

2019

American J Hum Biol

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“…Although this association supported previous studies [34,35], we did not ascertain the reason why it was observed only in multiparas. In general, primiparas experienced more breast complications than multiparas [36], as observed in the present study. Furthermore, breast complications strongly relate to psychological breastfeeding-related stress [37].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Post-breastfeeding stress response and breastfeeding self-efficacy as modifiable predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: a longitudinal study

Shiraishi

Matsuzaki

Kurihara

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: The prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding of infants at 3 months postpartum is only 50% in Japan. In order to increase this rate, we aimed to examine modifiable factors related to exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum by focusing on breastfeeding-related and psychosocial variables at 1 month postpartum. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted in a secondary medical care center in Osaka, Japan from February 2017 to October 2018. Demographic variables, infant feeding modality, breastfeeding-related variables, and psychosocial variables were obtained using questionnaires at 1 month postpartum. Daytime salivary cortisol levels before and after breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum were measured as a biological marker for stress responses associated with breastfeeding. Each infant’s feeding modality was re-assessed at 3 months postpartum. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the factors affecting exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. Results: Of the 104 participants, 61 reported exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. The following factors were significantly associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: multiparity (adjusted odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 11.13, 2.08–59.59), having a university degree (5.25, 1.04–26.53), no plan to return to work by 6 months postpartum (0.02, 0.00–0.46), exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum (42.84, 6.05–303.52), lower cortisol level after breastfeeding at 1 month postpartum (0.00, 0.00–0.02), and higher breastfeeding self-efficacy scale score at 1 month postpartum (1.07, 1.00–1.14). In parity-specific analyses, exclusive breastfeeding (25.33, 4.75–134.98) and lower cortisol level after breastfeeding (0.00, 0.00–0.21) at 1 month postpartum in primiparous women, and lower cortisol level after breastfeeding (0.00, 0.00–0.94), higher breastfeeding self-efficacy score (1.18, 1.05–1.32), and absence of breast complications (0.09, 0.01-0.82) at 1 month postpartum in multiparous women were associated with exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum. Conclusions: Stress levels after breastfeeding, breastfeeding self-efficacy, and presence of breast complications could be modifiable factors related to subsequent exclusive breastfeeding. Further research is needed to examine whether approaches to reducing breastfeeding-related stress, improving breastfeeding self-efficacy, and preventing breast complications during lactation are effective to increase exclusive breastfeeding practices.

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“…This observation suggests that the mother should be supported during this period to prevent and overcome breastfeeding di culties. Higher proportions of breastfeeding problems (40-80%) have been reported during the rst week in developed countries (16)(17)(18). An explanation for this noticeable difference is the fact that breastfeeding is common in Africa; therefore, African women could be positive thinkers towards breastfeeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Common Breastfeeding Problems and Their Effect on The Continuation of Exclusive or Predominant Breastfeeding in Kinshasa

Babakazo

Bosonkie

Mafuta

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Breastfeeding has numerous advantages for infant, mother and society. However, many mothers discontinue breastfeeding due to problems they encounter. This study aimed to identify problems commonly experienced by breastfeeding mothers during the first six months in Kinshasa and to determine their effect on the continuation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in Kinshasa from October 2012 to July 2013. A total of 422 mother-infant couples were recruited shortly after being discharged from twelve maternity facilities in Kinshasa and followed-up for six months. Interviews were conducted at the mother’s house during the first week after birth, and thereafter at monthly intervals for six months. Data included mother’s sociodemographic characteristics, the breastfeeding problems she experienced and information on child’s feeding. The Cox Proportional Model was used to determine the effect of breastfeeding problems on the continuation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.Results: Cracked or sore nipples, insufficient production of milk and breast engorgement were the most commonly experienced problems by lactating mothers. The problems occurred mainly during the first week (17.1%; CI95% 13.7–21.1) and the rest of the first month (16.2%; CI95% 12.8–20.3). Experiencing breastfeeding problems during any period negatively affected the continuation of exclusive or predominant breastfeeding.Conclusions: The first month after birth presents the most risk for the occurrence of breastfeeding problems. Those problems negatively affect the course of breastfeeding. Mothers should be supported as soon as possible after delivery, to improve their breastfeeding performance and to be informed on how to maintain breast milk supply.

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Early breastfeeding problems: A mixed method study of mothers’ experiences

Cited by 105 publications

References 21 publications

Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context

Mothers' experiences of pain during breastfeeding in the early postnatal period: A short report in a Swedish context

Post-breastfeeding stress response and breastfeeding self-efficacy as modifiable predictors of exclusive breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum: a longitudinal study

Common Breastfeeding Problems and Their Effect on The Continuation of Exclusive or Predominant Breastfeeding in Kinshasa

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