Early birds, short tenures, and the double squeeze: how gender and age intersect with parliamentary representation

Joshi, Devin K.; Och, Malliga

doi:10.1080/21565503.2019.1629319

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…2 Because of this difficulty of having their voice heard, scholars have connected the lack of young legislators to the issue of intergenerational justice (see Tremmel et al 2015). To increase intergenerational justice, the literature increasingly discusses policies that countries and parties can adopt to improve the presence of youth in decision-making bodies-including youth quotas (e.g., Joshi and Och 2021;Tremmel et al 2015) or term limits for holding office (Stockemer and Sundström 2022).…”

Section: The Importance Of Studying Age Group Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2015). To increase intergenerational justice, the literature increasingly discusses policies that countries and parties can adopt to improve the presence of youth in decision‐making bodies—including youth quotas (e.g., Joshi and Och 2021; Tremmel et al. 2015) or term limits for holding office (Stockemer and Sundström 2022).…”

Section: The Importance Of Studying Age Group Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Introducing the Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set

Stockemer

Sundström

2022

Social Science Quarterly

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The absence of young adults in elected legislative assemblies is a democratic deficit with potentially severe repercussions. Yet, research is rarely able to address the issue of age group representation systematically because we are lacking empirical information on the age distribution in parliaments. The Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set remedies this dearth of data. It provides information about the numerical presence of age groups in parliaments, spanning across the globe and over time and includes age data on legislators, such as the share of members of parliament (MPs) aged 30 years or under, 35 years or under, or 40 years or under. The data set also reports measures that compare the presence of legislators aged 30 years or under, aged 35 years or under, aged 40 years or under, aged 41 to 60 years, as well as aged 61 years or over in relation to the same age group in the general population of a given country. Moreover, it includes gendered figures, such as the presence of young female MPs. The WARP data set contains data for more than 700 elections in 149 countries, so far, and is freely available online. It allows for a novel analysis of the age composition of legislatures. KEYWORDS data set, parliaments, youth representationAbout 25 years ago, Norris (1997) described the composition of parliaments around the world as follows: Legislators tend to be men, members of the country's ethnic majority group, wealthy, and middle-aged or older. Over the past years, some aspects of this picture have changed. While still miles away from being representative of the socioeconomic or demographic traits of the population, many parliaments across the globe have become more diverse, not the least having a larger share of women present in national decisionmaking bodies (Arendt 2018;Sobolewska et al. 2018;Tripp and Kang 2008). Yet, the same shift has not happened with age representation. The presence of young adults-those aged 35 years or below-has not increased over the past decades and continues to hover around 10 percent of legislators globally. The share This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Section: The Importance Of Studying Age Group Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Studying Age Group Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introducing the Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set

Stockemer

Sundström

2022

Social Science Quarterly

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“…Future research should investigate whether the observed results are influenced by the political fortunes of young men to the detriment of young women (Erikson and Josefsson, 2021). The Czech Republic, with its quota-free environment, is an ideal context for such investigation and holds potential to augment existing literature on this subject (Belschner, 2023; Belschner and Garcia De Paredes, 2021; Joshi and Och, 2021). Party selectors, often predominantly male, may show a bias toward mentoring and promoting young men, viewing them as younger versions of themselves, while young women may not receive the same treatment (Bjarnegård, 2013).…”

Section: Concluding Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apprentices or outsiders? Age-driven heterogeneities in access to political capital and reelection

Smrek

2023

Research & Politics

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Norms about what constitutes an ideal politician are shown to negatively affect the demand for young political candidates within political parties because they favor qualities that young people have yet to acquire. We ask whether this “youth bias” continues to shape the political opportunities of those young persons who get elected. Drawing on comprehensive, original data encompassing all Czech MPs elected between 1996 and 2021, we analyze potential age-driven heterogeneities in access to valuable political resources and reelection, both of which are subject to party gatekeeping. We find that young MPs are given a privileged access to assignments that facilitate learning about the legislative business and reelection, despite being more likely to cast a dissenting vote at roll call. These results suggest that young MPs, unlike some other political outgroups, are not marginalized by their superiors despite exhibiting certain traits typically associated with political outgroups.

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“…These pieces come to a nuanced finding. For one, they assert that the presence of young women in today's legislatures is even smaller than that of young men (see Belschner and Garcia de Paredes 2020; Joshi and Och 2021). Yet this finding comes with the caveat that the gender gap in representation might actually be the smallest among young parliamentarians aged 35 years or under (see Stockemer and Sundström 2019b, 2019c, 2019d.…”

Section: The Youth Representation Literature and Our Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Youth without Representation

2022

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An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libraries working with Knowledge Unlatched (KU). KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access for the public good. More information about the initiative and links to the Open Access version can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org The University of Michigan Press's open access publishing program is made possible thanks to additional funding from the University of Michigan Office of the Provost and the generous support of contributing libraries. Contents List of Figures ix List of Tables xi Acknowledgments xiii Chapter 1. Introduction Chapter 2. Why We Need Increased Youth Representation 2.1. Youth: An Important Group of Study 2.2. The Importance of Group Representation for Youth 2.2.1. Five Criteria for Why Young Adults Need Descriptive Representation 2.3. Benefits and Costs of Increased Descriptive Representation of Youth 2.4. The Vicious Cycle of Political Alienation 2.4.1. Youths' Lack of Political Interest and Knowledge 2.4.2. Youths' Lack of Conventional Political Participation 2.5. The Threefold Link between Young Adults' Low Political Interest and Knowledge, Their Low Electoral Participation, and Their Lack of Representation in Office 2.6. The Endemic Nature of the Vicious Cycle of Youths' Political Alienation 2.7. Increased Youth Representation: One Way to Break the Vicious Cycle of Youth Alienation 2.7.1. The Link between Greater Numbers of Young Candidates and Higher Youth Turnout 2.7.2. The Degree to Which Young Politicians Represent Young Voters 2.7.3. The Degree to Which Young Politicians Support Policies5 Important to Young Adults 2.8. The Youth Representation Literature and Our Contribution vi Contents Chapter 3. Youths' Underrepresentation in National Parliaments 3.1. The Magnitude of Youths' Underrepresentation in Parliament 3.2. Youth Representation in Legislatures over Time in Australia, Germany, France, and the United Kingdom 3.3. Explanatory Factors for the Variation in Youth Representation across Countries 3.3.1. Institutional Determinants of Youth Representation 3.3.2. Socioeconomic and Cultural Determinants of Youth Representation 3.4. Research Design 3.5. Results 3.6. Discussion Chapter 4. Youth Representation across Party Delegations in Parliament 4.1. Youths' (under) Representation across Party Delegations 4.2. Young Adults in Australian, German, French, and British Party Delegations over Time 4.3. Explanatory Factors for the Variation in Youth Representation across Parties 4.4. Research Design 4.5. Results 4.6. Discussion Chapter 5. Young Politicians in Cabinet 5.1. The Magnitude of Youths' Underrepresentation in Cabinet 5.2. Youth Representation in Cabinet over Time in Australia,

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Early birds, short tenures, and the double squeeze: how gender and age intersect with parliamentary representation

Cited by 16 publications

References 48 publications

Introducing the Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set

Introducing the Worldwide Age Representation in Parliaments (WARP) data set

Apprentices or outsiders? Age-driven heterogeneities in access to political capital and reelection

Youth without Representation

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