Early BCG vaccination is unrelated to pulmonary immunity against<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>in adults

Herzmann, Christian; Sotgiu, Giovanni; Schaberg, T.; Ernst, Martin; Stenger, Steffen; Lange, Christoph

doi:10.1183/09031936.00086514

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(12 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Concerning the prevalence of TB in different regions of the UK, six studies provide information about the geographical location where the studies were conducted ( Table 4 ). Among these studies, the highest prevalence (31%) was reported in Newham in a cohort study by Loutet et al 30 Similarly, two studies conducted in London reported a prevalence rate of 24% 31 and 21% 32 ( Appendix Item 4 ). However, contradictory results were observed in Kent port (2.2%), Leicestershire (0.17%), and Heathrow and Gatwick airports (0.03%).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…This factor seems more applicable to immigrants living in the least deprived areas of London. 32 , 39 Likewise, if immigrants are ill with the disease, they try to self-medicate themselves instead of visiting GP. 25 , 44 The reasons corresponding for this attitude have been attributed to the fear of being charged while visiting primary care service or discriminatory behavior by a health professional.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Systematic Review on Pulmonary TB Burden and Associated Factors Among Immigrants in the UK

Saleem,

Karimi,

Ehsan

2023

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background The rapid growth of international human migration has positioned the UK in the top five countries in the world with 9.4 million immigrants in 2022. These immigrants originate from low- and middle-income countries and remain particularly at risk of developing TB. In the UK, the number of TB cases has been increasing, and the influx of immigrants could be a contributing factor. Objective This review aims to map the burden of pulmonary TB among immigrants in the UK and investigate associated factors. It also reviews the TB management approaches among immigrants in the UK. Design The study utilized PRISMA guidelines to search electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) for articles published from 2000 to 2022 on TB prevalence and factors in immigrants and explored government websites for TB management strategies. Results Nineteen out of 530 initially identified articles were included. The included studies reported a prevalence rate of TB among immigrants ranging from 0.04 to 52.1%, showing a decrease in the burden over time. Additionally, a higher number of TB cases were observed among immigrants from the Asian region, particularly immigrants from South Asia, followed by those from sub-Saharan Africa. Stigma, misconception about the disease, language barrier, lack of confidentiality, and unfriendly healthcare system for immigrants were the main drivers of the TB burden among immigrants. The TB management approaches in the UK include pre-entry screening for active TB, LTBI testing for a specific population group, and antibacterial therapy for 3–6 months for TB patients. Conclusion The UK’s control and prevention efforts in reducing tuberculosis prevalence among immigrants show optimism, but challenges persist. Key improvements include healthcare delivery, TB improvement programs, and policies addressing stigma and patient confidentiality.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review on Pulmonary TB Burden and Associated Factors Among Immigrants in the UK

Saleem,

Karimi,

Ehsan

2023

IDR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…IGRAs were performed on peripheral blood by the QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube ® (QFT; Cellestis Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). IGRA status in BAL samples were performed using the T-Spot.TB ® assay (Elispot; Oxford Immunotec, Oxford, UK) as published before [ 16 – 18 ]. According to the manufacturer’s instructions, the cut-off for a positive read out was set at 0.35 IU/ml IFN-γ for the QuantiFERON Gold In-Tube ® .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in exposed individuals

et al. 2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundBlood based Interferon-(IFN)-γ release assays (IGRAs) have a poor predictive value for the development of tuberculosis. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between IGRAs and pulmonary immune responses in tuberculosis contacts in Germany.MethodsIGRAs were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and peripheral blood from close healthy contacts of patients with culturally confirmed tuberculosis. Cellular BAL composition was determined by flow cytometry. BAL cells were co-cultured with three strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and Mtb derived antigens including Purified Protein Derivative (PPD), 6 kD Early Secretory Antigenic Target (ESAT-6) and 10 kD Culture Filtrate Protein (CFP-10). Levels of 29 cytokines and chemokines were analyzed in the supernatants by multiplex assay. Associations and effects were examined using linear mixed-effects models.ResultsThere were wide variations of inter-individual cytokine levels in BAL cell culture supernatants. Mycobacterial infection and stimulation with PPD showed a clear induction of several macrophage and lymphocyte associated cytokines, reflecting activation of these cell types. No robust correlation between cytokine patterns and blood IGRA status of the donor was observed, except for slightly higher Interleukin-2 (IL-2) responses in BAL cells from IGRA-positive donors upon mycobacterial infection compared to cells from IGRA-negative donors. Stronger correlations were observed when cytokine patterns were stratified according to BAL IGRA status. BAL cells from donors with BAL IGRA-positive responses produced significantly more IFN-γ and IL-2 upon PPD stimulation and mycobacterial infection than cells from BAL IGRA-negative individuals. Correlations between BAL composition and basal cytokine release from unstimulated cells were suggestive of pre-activated lymphocytes but impaired macrophage activity in BAL IGRA-positive donors, in contrast to BAL IGRA-negative donors.ConclusionsIn vitro BAL cell cytokine responses to M. tuberculosis antigens or infection do not reflect blood IGRA status but do correlate with stronger cellular responses in BAL IGRA-positive donors. The cytokine patterns observed suggest a pre-activated state of lymphocytes and suppressed macrophage responsiveness in BAL cells from BAL IGRA-positive individuals.

show abstract

“…Another example of where WGS has informed clinical and translational work is in the field of tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been used since 1921 to provide a degree of immunological protection from infection with M. tuberculosis . The reasons for the reduced virulence of M .…”

Section: Whole Genome Sequencing Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been used since 1921 to provide a degree of immunological protection from infection with M. tuberculosis. 15 The reasons for the reduced virulence of M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis were unclear until WGS allowed comparative genomics of the relevant strains. [16][17][18] These revealed that attenuated Mycobacterial strains lacked a part of the genome called region of difference 1 (RD1) which encodes ESAT-6 and CFP-10, two key virulence factors.…”

Section: Whole Genome Sequencing Of Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The past decade in bench research into pulmonary infectious diseases: What do clinicians need to know?

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Respiratory infections are primarily treated with antibiotics, drugs that are mostly inexpensive and have been widely available since the 1940s and 1950s. Nevertheless, despite antibiotics, the burden of disease in pneumonia, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis, COPD and rare respiratory infections remains exceptionally high. There is an urgent need for translational studies to develop new treatments or new biomarkers to improve outcomes in these conditions. The 'translational gaps' between bench science and clinical practice are particularly challenging in respiratory infections. This is partly due to the poor representativeness of animal models of infection to human disease, and a long-term lack of investment into pulmonary infection research. The revolution in genomics and other omics technologies, however, is beginning to unlock clinically important information about the host response to infection, the behaviour of bacterial communities and the development of new antibiotics. It is not possible to review the extensive progress made in the last decade into the pathophysiology of the different respiratory infections and so here, we focus on major technologies that are now changing respiratory infection research, specifically bacterial whole-genome sequencing, the microbiota, personalized medicine with omics technologies, new antibiotic development and host inflammatory cell biology.

show abstract

Early BCG vaccination is unrelated to pulmonary immunity againstMycobacterium tuberculosisin adults

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

A Systematic Review on Pulmonary TB Burden and Associated Factors Among Immigrants in the UK

A Systematic Review on Pulmonary TB Burden and Associated Factors Among Immigrants in the UK

Pulmonary immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in exposed individuals

The past decade in bench research into pulmonary infectious diseases: What do clinicians need to know?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About