Early and late replication patterns of increased resolution in human lymphocyte chromosomes

Meer, Barbara; Hameister, Horst; Cerrillo, Mabel

doi:10.1007/bf00286114

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The "replication banding" pattern coincides almost exactly with the trypsin-Giemsa banding pattern routinely used by mammalian cytogeneticists (Fig. iB) (3)(4)(5)(6). The AT-specific fluorochromes (A, adenine; T, thymidine), such as quinacrine or Hoechst 33258, also give the same euchromatic banding pattern because the early-replicating DNA is GC-rich (G, 686 chromatin, such as the inactive X chromosome in mammalian females, replicate late and are genetically inert (7).…”

Section: Replication Timing Of Genes and Middle Repetitive Sequencessupporting

confidence: 75%

Replication Timing of Genes and Middle Repetitive Sequences

Goldman

Holmquist

Gray

et al. 1984

Science

532

247

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DNA replication in mammals is temporally bimodal. "Housekeeping" genes, which are active in all cells, replicate during the first half of the S phase of cell growth. Tissue-specific genes replicate early in those cells in which they are potentially expressed, and they usually replicate late in tissues in which they are not expressed. Replication during the first half of the S phase is, therefore, a necessary but not sufficient condition for gene transcription. A change in the replication timing of a tissue-specific gene appears to reflect the commitment of that gene to transcriptional competence or to quiescence during ontogeny. Most families of middle repetitive sequences replicate either early or late. These data are consistent with a model in which two functionally distinct genomes coexist in the nucleus.

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Section: Replication Timing Of Genes and Middle Repetitive Sequencessupporting

confidence: 75%

Replication Timing of Genes and Middle Repetitive Sequences

Goldman

Holmquist

Gray

et al. 1984

Science

532

247

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“…S-phase synchronization techniques are necessary-to obtain reasonable numbers of mitoses suitable for high-resolution banding studies (Yunis, 1976) and, in conjunction with BrdU exposure, to yield reproducible high-resolution replication band patterns (Meer et al, 1981;Schollmayer et al, 1981;Camargo and Cervenka, 1982;Fonne, 1985;Lemieux and Richer. 1989;Drouin et al, 1990;Savary et al" 1991Savary et al" .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Complementary replication R- and G-band patterns induced by cell blocking at the R-band/G-band transition, a possible regulatory checkpoint within the S phase of the cell cycle

Fetni

Drouin²,

Richer³

et al. 1996

Cytogenet Genome Res

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The characteristic band patterns of replication banding (dynamic banding) were analyzed. High-resolution (550–1,250 bands per haploid genome) G- and R-band patterns were obtained after 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation during early or late S phase. Thymidine-BrdU permutation culture methods, which arrest DNA synthesis at the R-band/G-band transition, allow complementary BrdU substitution. The RBI (R bands by BrdU using immunological staining) and GBI (G bands by BrdU using immunological staining) band patterns were complementary for all chromosomes. There was no overlapping, and every part of each chromosome was positively stained by one of the two banding procedures. Cornparative analysis of RBG (R bands by BrdU using Giemsa staining) and RBI band patterns, as well as GBG (G bands by BrdU using Giemsa staining) and GBI band patterns, showed good congruency, displaying a very good band-for-band match. The congruency and complementarity found for these band patterns show that high concentrations of both thymidine and BrdU blocked S-phase progression near the R-band to G-band replication transition within the S phase. They also prove that BrdU incorporation is complementary and, therefore, demonstrate the existence of the R/G transition; a possible regulatory checkpoint within the S phase of the cell cycle.

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“…Moreover, when the cells are released from a G1/S transition block, replication asynchrony between homologs is a common finding (Schempp and Vogel 1979;Schempp 1980). On the other hand, when replication band patterns are obtained following cell blocking at the R/G transition, replication asynchrony has been rarely reported (Viegas-PØquignot and Dutrillaux 1978;Meer et al 1981;Schollmayer et al 1981;Camargo and Cervenka 1982;Rùnne 1985;Lemieux and Richer 1989;Drouin et al 1990;Lemieux et al 1990;Savary et al 1991). When the cells are blocked at the R/G transition, complete replication synchrony between homologous bands is demonstrated by the very low degree of dis- a Qualitative evaluation of discordance: 0, no discordance; +, little discordance; ++, moderate discordance; and +++, full discordance: the band is present on one homolog and absent from the other homolog.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

DNA replication asynchrony between the paternal and maternal alleles of imprinted genes does not straddle the R/G transition

et al. 1997

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Imprinted autosomal loci apparently reside in very large chromosomal domains that exhibit asynchrony in replication of homologous alleles during the DNA synthesis phase. Replication asynchrony can be cytogenetically visualized by a replication-banding discordance between homologous bands of a given pair of chromosomal homologs. The replication time of a chromosomal band at high resolution can be determined by blocking DNA synthesis at the R/G-band transition and using replication banding. The R/G transition reflects the transition from early (R-) to late (G- and C-) band DNA replication. We studied discordance between two groups of homologous chromosomal bands: (a) four bands, 6q26-27, 11p13, 11p15.5 and 15q11.2-12, each containing at least one imprinted gene; and (b) nine bands containing no known imprinted genes. Fifty pairs of chromosomes were analyzed at high resolution after R/G transition blocking and late 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation. The rate of discordance was the same for bands containing imprinted genes and for control bands. Both homologous bands of a pair replicate either before or after the R/G transition and do not straddle the R/G transition. Repression associated with imprinting does not appear to involve late replication at the band level of resolution. Tissue-specific inactivation is associated with DNA methylation and late replication, whereas allele-specific inactivation is associated with DNA methylation but not with delayed or late replication.

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Early and late replication patterns of increased resolution in human lymphocyte chromosomes

Cited by 27 publications

References 16 publications

Replication Timing of Genes and Middle Repetitive Sequences

Replication Timing of Genes and Middle Repetitive Sequences

Complementary replication R- and G-band patterns induced by cell blocking at the R-band/G-band transition, a possible regulatory checkpoint within the S phase of the cell cycle

DNA replication asynchrony between the paternal and maternal alleles of imprinted genes does not straddle the R/G transition

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