Early and Late Components of Error Monitoring in Violent Offenders with Psychopathy

Brazil, Inti A.; Bruijn, Ellen R.A. de; Bulten, B.H.; Borries, A. Katinka L. von; Lankveld, Jacques van; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Verkes, Robbert J.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.011

Cited by 91 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Recent studies demonstrated that in psychopathy, the AI is altered both structurally (Aoki et al, 2013) as well as functionally in response to others' pain (Decety et al, 2013). In parallel, ERP results showed that psychopathy reduces the size of the Pe component selectively, while leaving the ERN and post-error adjustment in behavior intact (Brazil et al, 2009). This indicates that psychopathy may be associated with a specific alteration of the integration processes with affective, social, and agency factors during action monitoring, for which the AI likely plays a predominant role (Brass and Haggard, 2010;Koban et al, 2013a;Ullsperger et al, 2010).…”

Section: Different Levels Of Integration Within the Dmfc Vs Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, specific developmental trajectories could also inform us about the origin of abnormal or pathological conditions (e.g. psychopathy) that may arise partially because of functional or structural alterations in this network (Anderson and Kiehl, 2012;Bernhardt et al, 2013;Brazil et al, 2009;Brazil et al, 2011). In this respect, recent advancements in developmental cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging promise to lead to significant breakthroughs in our understanding of the complex interplay between affect, social cognition, and action monitoring (Crone and Richard Ridderinkhof, 2011).…”

Section: Outstanding Questions and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brain systems underlying the affective and social monitoring of actions: An integrative review

Koban

Pourtois

2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

155

159

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(max 170 words)Action monitoring allows the swift detection of conflicts, errors, and the rapid evaluation of outcomes. These processes are crucial for learning, adaptive behavior, and for the regulation of cognitive control. Our review discusses neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies that have explored the contribution of emotional and social factors during action monitoring. Metaanalytic brain activation maps demonstrate reliable overlap of error monitoring, emotional, and social processes in the dorsal mediofrontal cortex (dMFC), lateral prefrontal areas, and anterior insula (AI). Cumulating evidence suggests that action monitoring is modulated by trait anxiety and negative affect, and that activity of the dMFC and the amygdala during action monitoring might contribute to the 'affective tagging' of actions along a valence dimension. The role of AI in action monitoring may be the integration of outcome information with self-agency and social context factors, thereby generating more complex situation-specific and conscious emotional feeling states. Our review suggests that action-monitoring processes operate at multiple levels in the human brain, and are shaped by dynamic interactions with affective and social processes.Keywords: Anterior insula; dorsal cingulate cortex; mediofrontal cortex; amygdala; error monitoring; ERN; feedback processing; social cognition; emotions; cognitive control; emotioncognition interactions; meta-analysis 3 Overview and motivationIn order to adapt their behavior, to detect and learn from errors, and ultimately to increase their chances of survival, humans and other animals have to monitor their actions (Rabbitt, 1966). Flexible regulation of behavior requires its constant evaluation in terms of performance and outcomes, as well as in terms of costs and future consequences. Action and error monitoring have been studied for several decades in psychology and neuroscience (for previous reviews see (Etkin et al., 2011;Moser et al., 2013;Pessoa, 2008;Proudfit et al., 2013;Shackman et al., 2011;Shenhav et al., 2013), we propose that error and action monitoring is an intrinsically affective and social process. However, we show that meta-analytic activation maps support overlapping brain responses to error processing, emotional, and social information processing not only in dMFC, but also in several other brain regions, including anterior insula and lateral prefrontal cortex.Further, recent intracranial electrophysiological recordings showed error-related activity in the amygdala, suggesting this limbic region may contribute to affective responses to errors and negative action outcomes. In the closing part, we outline an integrative framework for 4 understanding the brain systems underlying affective and social interactions with action monitoring, which may be crucial to foster behavioral control in real life.

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Section: Different Levels Of Integration Within the Dmfc Vs Aimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outstanding Questions and Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain systems underlying the affective and social monitoring of actions: An integrative review

Koban

Pourtois

2014

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

155

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This is consistent with other results suggesting impairments in the intentional use of available information to adapt behaviour in individuals with psychopathy. Our group 14 has shown that both behavioural and electrophysiological correlates of automatic (unconscious) processing of errors are intact in individuals with psychopathy, whereas later stages involved in controlled (conscious) processing of errors and behavioural adaptation are compromised.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…6,7 Psychopathy is regarded as a severe personality disorder typified by emotional abnormalities in combination with severe antisociality. 8 There is growing evidence that cognitive deficiencies observed in psychopathy include abnormalities in emotional processing, 9,10 modulation of attention, 11,12 aspects of action monitoring [13][14][15] and, importantly, associative learning. 6,7,[16][17][18] Behavioural results on associative learning in individuals with psychopathy show deficiencies in tracking stimulus-outcome contingencies and in subsequently altering behaviour in the face of changes in these contingencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reversal deficits in individuals with psychopathy in explicit but not implicit learning conditions

Brazil

Maes²,

Scheper³

et al. 2013

J Psychiatry Neurosci

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IntroductionOur ability to learn associations between events with rewarding or punishing outcomes plays an important role in guiding our behaviour.1 Of equal importance is our capacity to successfully alter established associations to maximize performance when the environment requires us to change our behaviour. When an event that previously led to reward (event A) currently leads to punishment and when a previously punished event (event B) now yields a reward, the optimal behaviour would be to reverse the initial response tendencies by starting to respond to event B instead of event A. This principle is a driving force behind a form of behavioural adaptation known as response reversal. Response reversal can be defined as a change of behaviour following a reversal of the previously established relationships between events and their reinforcing value.2 Response reversal contributes to flexibility in behaviour, both under social and nonsocial circumstances .3 The amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have been shown to play a crucial role in response reversal. 3,4The amygdala has been linked to the establishment of stimulus-outcome associations, 5 whereas the OFC has been Background: Psychopathy is a severe personality disorder that has been linked to impaired behavioural adaptation during reinforcement learning. Recent electrophysiological studies have suggested that psychopathy is related to impairments in intentionally using information relevant for adapting behaviour, whereas these impairments remain absent for behaviour relying on automatic use of information. We sought to investigate whether previously found impairments in response reversal in individuals with psychopathy also follow this dichotomy. We expected response reversal to be intact when the automatic use of information was facilitated. In contrast, we expected impaired response reversal when intentional use of information was required. Methods: We included offenders with psychopathy and matched healthy controls in 2 experiments with a probabilistic cued go/no-go reaction time task. The task implicated the learning and reversal of 2 predictive contingencies. In experiment 1, participants were not informed about the inclusion of a learning component, thus making cue-dependent learning automatic/ incidental. In experiment 2, the instructions required participants to actively monitor and learn predictive relationships, giving learning a controlled/intentional nature. Results: While there were no significant group differences in acquisition learning in either experiment, the results revealed impaired response reversal in offenders with psychopathy when controlled learning was facilitated. Interestingly, this impairment was absent when automatic learning was predominant. Limitations: Possible limitations are the use of a nonforensic control group and of self-report measures for drug use. Conclusion: Response reversal deficits in individuals with psychopathy are modulated by the context provided by the instructions, according to the distinction between ...

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“…Until now, most studies either focused on individuals with behavioural patterns related to PP (Dikman & Allen, 2000 ;Hall et al 2007) or investigated aspects of error monitoring unrelated to learning (Munro et al 2007 ;Brazil et al 2009). An investigation of reward and avoidance learning in low socialized individuals (a concept related to PP ; Kosson & Newman, 1989) has shown diminished rERN amplitudes only in the punishment condition (Dikman & Allen, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of error-related learning deficits in individuals with psychopathy

Borries

Brazil

Bulten³

et al. 2009

Psychol. Med.

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Background. Psychopathy (PP) is associated with a performance deficit in a variety of stimulus-response and stimulus-reinforcement learning paradigms. We tested the hypothesis that failures in error monitoring underlie these learning deficits.Method. We measured electrophysiological correlates of error monitoring [error-related negativity (ERN)] during a probabilistic learning task in individuals with PP (n=13) and healthy matched control subjects (n=18). The task consisted of three graded learning conditions in which the amount of learning was manipulated by varying the degree to which the response was predictive of the value of the feedback (50, 80 and 100 %).Results. Behaviourally, we found impaired learning and diminished accuracy in the group of individuals with PP. Amplitudes of the response ERN (rERN) were reduced. No differences in the feedback ERN (fERN) were found. Conclusions.The results are interpreted in terms of a deficit in initial rule learning and subsequent generalization of these rules to new stimuli. Negative feedback is adequately processed at a neural level but this information is not used to improve behaviour on subsequent trials. As learning is degraded, the process of error detection at the moment of the actual response is diminished. Therefore, the current study demonstrates that disturbed error-monitoring processes play a central role in the often reported learning deficits in individuals with PP.

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Early and Late Components of Error Monitoring in Violent Offenders with Psychopathy

Cited by 91 publications

References 35 publications

Brain systems underlying the affective and social monitoring of actions: An integrative review

Brain systems underlying the affective and social monitoring of actions: An integrative review

Reversal deficits in individuals with psychopathy in explicit but not implicit learning conditions

Neural correlates of error-related learning deficits in individuals with psychopathy

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