Early Airway Pathological Changes in Children: New Insights into the Natural History of Wheezing

Bonato, Matteo; Tinè, Mariaenrica; Bazzan, Erica; Biondini, Davide; Saetta, Marina; Baraldo, Simonetta

doi:10.3390/jcm8081180

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Wheezing is a frequent symptom for preschool children, which often disappear by the time they reach school age, but some of them remain symptomatic, developing persistent wheezing [3]. Further, adult-onset asthma may be affected by early childhood wheezing with pathogenesis changes [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

et al. 2021

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Background The influence of mothers’ and fathers’ educational levels in separate evaluations of asthma has not been fully investigated. This study aims to examine the associations of the mother’s and fathers’ educational levels with childhood wheeze and asthma adjusting for crude and pre-and post-natal modifiable risk factors. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using data from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, which recruited pregnant women from 2011 to 2014. The mother’s and father’s educational levels were surveyed by a questionnaire during the pregnancy, and childhood wheezing and doctor-diagnosed asthma were estimated using a 3-year questionnaire. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between the mother’s and father’s educational levels and childhood wheezing and asthma, adjusted for pre-and post-natal factors. Results A total of 69,607 pairs of parents and their single infants were analyzed. We found 17.3% of children had wheezing and 7.7% had asthma. In crude analyses, lower educational level of parents was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing and asthma. After full adjustment, a lower educational level of mothers was associated with an increased risk of childhood asthma (junior high school (reference: high school); odds ratio (OR): 1.17, 95% CI, 1.01–1.36), and higher educational level, especially the mother’s, was associated with an increased risk of childhood wheezing (technical junior college, technical/vocational college, or associate degree (ECD3); OR: 1.12, 95% CI, 1.06–1.18, bachelor’s degree, or postgraduate degree; OR: 1.10, 95% CI, 1.03–1.18), and asthma (ECD3; OR: 1.13, 95% CI, 1.04–1.21). Conclusions Parents’ lower educational level was a crude risk factor for childhood wheezing and asthma. However, an increased risk of wheezing due to mothers’ higher educational level was found after adjusting for pre-and post-natal factors.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, the lung function deficits that these children can carry even from birth and changes in the structure of the lung such as hypertrophy of the bronchial smooth muscle that has been found in biopsies are factors that could also have an influence. [21][22][23][24][25] The adolescents that needed X5 approx. correction had significantly higher abnormal values of D5-20 in the IOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inversion of the reactance curve and X5 approx. are better parameters for measuring small-airway dysfunction in asthmatic children

González

Grell

Mendez

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Small airway dysfunction in asthma can be measured by impulse oscillometry (IOS), where sometimes the reactance can exhibit an inversion of the curve, and its correction can determine a new value for X5: approximate X5 (X5 approx.). Our hypothesis is that X5 approx. exhibits a closer association with parameters of airway dysfunction in the IOS than X5. Methods: We analyzed 403 children (3-17 years old) who performed IOS (Sentry Suit, Vyntus®) and spirometry, recording R5, AX, X5, X5approx., Fres, D5-20 and FEF25-75. Groups X5 and X5 approx. were compared with respect to the percentage of abnormal IOS parameters, their averages, FEF25-75, and their correlation with each IOS parameter. Also, we explored the correlation between X5 and X5 approx. with each IOS parameter. Results: We found a significant decreasing prevalence of X5 approx. with age (84.6% in preschoolers, 67.2% in schoolchildren, and 36.5% in adolescents, p for trend <0.001). The preschoolers and schoolchildren with X5 approx. exhibited significant (p<0.05) alterations in many other IOS parameters (e.g. R5, Fes, AX, and D5-20) compared with those with X5. Adolescents exhibited a significant (p<0.01) alteration only for D5-20. The means of R5, AX, and D5-20 were significantly (p<0.01) higher in children with X5 approx. than with X5. Finally, in the all the age categories, compared with X5, X5 approx. correlated better with other IOS parameters and FEF25-75. Conclusion: The presence of X5 approx. decreases with age and correlates more closely than X5 with other IOS parameters for the evaluation of small airway dysfunction Inversion of the reactance curve and X5 approx. are better parameters for measuring smallairway dysfunction in asthmatic children*

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“…Asthma is a frequent and severe disease affecting a large proportion of the human population, including children and young people and implying a tremendous socioeconomic burden. The pathophysiology of asthma and the balance between oxidant/antioxidant is the subject of intense ongoing research and some studies have explored the local role of mitochondria in atopic diseases [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,16,29]. However, still little is known on the connection between mitochondria and the immune response in asthma, especially in peripheral blood.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also calculated the free radical leak (FRL) corresponding to the fraction of electrons which reduces O 2 to ROS in the mitochondrial respiratory chain (percentage of free radical leak) instead of reaching cytochrome oxidase to reduce O 2 to water [28]. Because two electrons are needed to reduce one mole of O 2 to H 2 O 2 , whereas four electrons are transferred in the reduction of one mole of O 2 to water, the FRL (percent) was calculated as the rate of H 2 O 2 production divided by twice the rate of O 2 consumption, and the result was multiplied by 100 [29].…”

Section: Population and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitochondrial Function in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Is Enhanced, Together with Increased Reactive Oxygen Species, in Severe Asthmatic Patients in Exacerbation

Ederlé

Charles

Khayath

et al. 2019

JCM

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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung syndrome with an increasing prevalence and a rare but significant risk of death. Its pathophysiology is complex, and therefore we investigated at the systemic level a potential implication of oxidative stress and of peripheral blood mononuclear cells’ (PBMC) mitochondrial function. Twenty severe asthmatic patients with severe exacerbation (GINA 4–5) and 20 healthy volunteers participated at the study. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities using different substrates and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were determined in both groups by high-resolution respirometry and electronic paramagnetic resonance, respectively. Healthy PBMC were also incubated with a pool of plasma of severe asthmatics or healthy controls. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity (+52.45%, p = 0.015 for VADP) and ROS production (+34.3%, p = 0.02) were increased in asthmatic patients. Increased ROS did not originate mainly from mitochondria. Plasma of severe asthmatics significantly increased healthy PBMC mitochondrial dioxygen consumption (+56.8%, p = 0.031). In conclusion, such asthma endotype, characterized by increased PMBCs mitochondrial oxidative capacity and ROS production likely related to a plasma constituent, may reflect activation of the immune system. Further studies are needed to determine whether increased PBMC mitochondrial respiration might have protective effects, opening thus new therapeutic approaches.

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Early Airway Pathological Changes in Children: New Insights into the Natural History of Wheezing

Cited by 13 publications

References 74 publications

Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Parental educational level and childhood wheezing and asthma: A prospective cohort study from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study

Inversion of the reactance curve and X5 approx. are better parameters for measuring small-airway dysfunction in asthmatic children

Mitochondrial Function in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC) Is Enhanced, Together with Increased Reactive Oxygen Species, in Severe Asthmatic Patients in Exacerbation

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