Early age exposure to moisture and mould is related to FeNO at the age of 6 years

Tischer, Christina; Karvonen, Anne M.; Kirjavainen, Pirkka V.; Flexeder, Claudia; Roponen, Marjut; Hyvärinen, Anne; Renz, Harald; Frey, Urs; Fuchs, Oliver; Pekkanen, Juha

doi:10.1111/pai.13526

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Nevertheless, the odds of current asthma were highest among individuals belonging to class one which was characterized by higher exposure to dampness at home during childhood. Several previous meta-analyses and epidemiological studies have found a positive association between the presence of moisture and mold in homes, either measured or self-reported, and the risk of childhood asthma or markers thereof [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Our findings suggest that the presence of moisture and mold in the child's bedroom might be most important in regard to active offspring asthma at age 18.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

“…Our findings suggest that the presence of moisture and mold in the child's bedroom might be most important in regard to active offspring asthma at age 18. Similarly, four Finnish studies have also found that moisture damage or visible mold in the child's main living areas, including the child's bedroom, were more strongly associated with asthma prevalence, persistent asthma as well as fractional exhaled nitric oxide, a marker of asthma [38], compared to moisture damage or visible mold in other areas of the house [31][32][33]39]. On the other hand, regarding mold damage remediation in houses and decreases in asthma-related symptoms, use of asthma medication in asthma patients and respiratory infections, a Cochrane review from 2015 concluded that there was only moderate-quality evidence and that more randomized studies were needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

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Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence: a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort

Keller,

Groot,

Clippet-Jensen

et al. 2023

Eur J Epidemiol

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Background Many residential indoor environments may have an impact on children’s respiratory health. Objectives The aims of this study were to identify latent classes of children from the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) who share similar patterns of exposure to indoor home characteristics, and to examine the association between membership in the latent classes and asthma in adolescence. Methods We included data on residential indoor characteristics of offspring from the DNBC whose mothers had responded to the child’s 11-year follow-up and who had data on asthma from the 18-year follow-up. Number of classes and associations were estimated using latent class analysis. To account for sample selection, we applied inverse probability weighting. Results Our final model included five latent classes. The probability of current asthma at 18 years was highest among individuals in class one with higher clustering on household dampness (9, 95%CI 0.06–0.13). Individuals in class four (with higher clustering on pets ownership and living in a farm) had a lower risk of current asthma at age 18 compared to individuals in class one (with higher clustering on household dampness) (OR 0.53 (95%CI 0.32–0.88), p = .01). Conclusion Our findings suggest that, in a high-income country such as Denmark, groups of adolescents growing up in homes with mold and moisture during mid-childhood might be at increased risk of current asthma at age 18. Adolescents who grew-up in a farmhouse and who were exposed to pets seem less likely to suffer from asthma by age 18.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 50%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence: a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort

Keller,

Groot,

Clippet-Jensen

et al. 2023

Eur J Epidemiol

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“…Venous blood samples have been taken at the age of 6 years and analyzed for specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) to 19 common allergens by administering the Allergy Screen Test Panel for Atopy (Mediwiss Analytic). 20 , 21 The cut‐off level to define specific sensitization to 13 inhalant allergens was 0.70 kU/L. 5 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early‐life residential exposure to moisture damage is associated with persistent wheezing in a Finnish birth cohort

Tischer

Täubel

Kirjavainen

et al. 2022

Pediatric Allergy Immunology

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Background and Aims: Moisture damage increases the risk for respiratory disorders in childhood. Our aim was to determine whether early age residential exposure to inspector-observed moisture damage or mold is associated with different wheezing phenotypes later in childhood.Methods: Building inspections were performed by civil engineers, in a standardized manner, in the children's homes-mostly single family and row houses (N = 344)-in the first year of life. The children were followed up with repeated questionnaires until the age of 6 years and wheezing phenotypes-never/infrequent, transient, intermediate, late onset, and persistent-were defined using latent class analyses. The multinomial logistic regression model was used for statistical analysis.Results: A total of 63% (n = 218) had infrequent or no wheeze, 23% (n = 80) had transient and 9.6% (n = 21) had a persistent wheeze. Due to the low prevalence, results for intermediate (3.8%, n = 13) and late-onset wheeze (3.5%, n = 12) were not further evaluated. Most consistent associations were observed with the persistent wheeze phenotype with an adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence intervals) 2.04 (0.67-6.18) for minor moisture damage with or without mold spots (present in 23.8% of homes) and 3.68 (1.04-13.05) for major damage or any moisture damage with visible mold in This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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“…Ambient air pollution [ 13 ], household molds [ 8 ] and indoor solid fuel burning [ 9 ] are evidenced as having negative impacts on asthma outcomes. Existing studies documented that the household dampness and mold occurred in 1/4 of children’s houses in southern China, and the presence of dampness and mold at home was associated with an increased risk of developing asthma (OR = 1.31, 95% CI: 1.08–1.59) in children [ 14 , 15 ]. A study conducted in Lanzhou, China, has illustrated that paternal asthma (OR = 3.143, p < 0.01) and maternal asthma (OR = 3.542, p < 0.01) were both associated with an increased prevalence of childhood asthma [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To date, the studies on respiratory diseases and their influencing factors are mostly focused on western countries, as well as mainland China in areas with developed economies or large population [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ]; only a few studies have been conducted in areas that are economically underdeveloped or have a low population density [ 8 ]. This situation is neither conducive to rationally analyze the incidence of respiratory diseases nor beneficial to provide scientific evidence for reducing the risk of respiratory diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Asthma and Other Respiratory Diseases of Children in Relation to Personal Behavior, Household, Parental and Environmental Factors in West China

Cao,

Wang,

Peng

et al. 2023

Toxics

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Asthma and other respiratory diseases, which are of great concern in public health, are paid less attention in areas that are less economically developed. This research aimed to study the prevalence of critical respiratory diseases of children living in West China and figure out the potential influencing factors. A total of 575 children under the age of 14 were recruited from Xinjiang, China, to participate in the study in 2022. Information on activity patterns, socioeconomic and parental factors, and household and surrounding environment situations was obtained using a questionnaire survey. Logistic regression models were applied to estimate the odds ratios of respiratory disease prevalence in relation to behavior patterns, household, parental and environmental factors, respectively. The prevalence of ever doctor-diagnosed asthma, doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and current bronchitis were 4.7%, 19.0% and 14.4%, respectively. The prevalence of doctor-diagnosed pneumonia was 8.2%, which was two times higher in urban than rural areas. Longer annual heating duration was significantly associated with higher risks in children’s asthma and bronchitis, with an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of 3.363 (95% CI: 1.215–9.298) and 1.267 (95% CI: 1.002–1.601), respectively. Opening the window longer in autumn would lead to higher risks of bronchitis, with ORs of 1.165 and 1.133, respectively, for doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and current bronchitis. Residential air pollution and having a residence close to waste incineration plant or garbage station were, respectively, significantly associated with higher risks of doctor-diagnosed bronchitis and asthma. Parental disease history was associated with a higher prevalence of children’s asthma and respiratory diseases, whereas breastfeeding and doing physical exercise were, respectively, significantly associated with a lower risk of asthma. A high prevalence of respiratory diseases in children in West China may be partly attributed to longer annual heating time, opening windows longer in autumn, surrounding environmental pollution, as well as parental disease history, whereas promoting physical activity and breastfeeding could be an effective measure to reduce the risk of childhood asthma in West China.

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Early age exposure to moisture and mould is related to FeNO at the age of 6 years

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Cited by 8 publications

References 37 publications

Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence: a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort

Exposure to different residential indoor characteristics during childhood and asthma in adolescence: a latent class analysis of the Danish National Birth Cohort

Early‐life residential exposure to moisture damage is associated with persistent wheezing in a Finnish birth cohort

Asthma and Other Respiratory Diseases of Children in Relation to Personal Behavior, Household, Parental and Environmental Factors in West China

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