Early afferent signaling in the outer plexiform layer regulates development of horizontal cell morphology

Raven, Mary E.; Orton, Noelle C.; Nassar, Hadi; Williams, Gary A.; Stell, William K.; Jacobs, Gerald H.; Bech-Hansen, N. Torben; Reese, Benjamin E.

doi:10.1002/cne.21609

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In transgenic mice lacking all cones, their dendritic fields are largely barren of higher-order dendritic branches and clustered terminal endings, while in “conefull” mice (in which all of the rods are re-specified to become cones), their fields have hypertrophied, filling the entire field-area with branches that occupy the full depth of the outer plexiform layer (Raven et al, 2007; Reese et al, 2005). Dark-rearing does not reproduce the horizontal cell phenotype observed in the coneless mouse, but the Cacna1f -mutant mouse does, disrupting all synaptic transmission in the outer plexiform layer due to defective calcium channel assembly in the photoreceptor terminals (Raven et al, 2008). This developmental plasticity of the horizontal cell is all the more striking in the absence of similar changes in the other primary target of the cone pedicles in the outer plexiform layer, the cone bipolar cells (Keeley & Reese, 2010b).…”

Section: Development Of the Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the retina and optic pathway

Reese

2011

Vision Research

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119

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Our understanding of the development of the retina and visual pathways has seen enormous advances during the past twenty-five years. New imaging technologies, coupled with advances in molecular biology, have permitted a fuller appreciation of the histotypical events associated with proliferation, fate determination, migration, differentiation, pathway navigation, target innervation, synaptogenesis and cell death, and in many instances, in understanding the genetic, molecular, cellular and activity-dependent mechanisms underlying those developmental changes. The present review considers those advances associated with the lineal relationships between retinal nerve cells, the production of retinal nerve cell diversity, the migration, patterning and differentiation of different types of retinal nerve cells, the determinants of the decussation pattern at the optic chiasm, the formation of the retinotopic map, and the establishment of ocular domains within the thalamus.

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Section: Development Of the Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of the retina and optic pathway

Reese

2011

Vision Research

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119

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“…In the developing central nervous system (CNS), electrical activity and spontaneous release of neurotransmitters influence neural proliferation, migration and neuronal differentiation, including neurotransmitter specification, neuronal morphology, and axon guidance 1–6 . For example, endogenous GABA and glutamate influence the speed of migration of neurons in a number of regions of the developing brain, 7–9 control neuroblast number in proliferative zones, 10 and regulate the neurotransmitter phenotype of neurons in the developing spinal cord 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

The role of neural activity in the migration and differentiation of enteric neuron precursors

Hao

Moore

Roberts

et al. 2010

Neurogastroenterology &Amp; Motility

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Background As they migrate through the developing gut, a sub-population of enteric neural crest-derived cells (ENCCs) begins to differentiate into neurons. The early appearance of neurons raises the possibility that electrical activity and neurotransmitter release could influence the migration or differentiation of ENNCs. Methods The appearance of neuronal sub-types in the gut of embryonic mice was examined using immunohistochemistry. The effects of blocking various forms of neural activity on ENCC migration and neuronal differentiation were examined using explants of cultured embryonic gut. Key Results Nerve fibers were present in close apposition to many ENCCs. Commencing at E11.5, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), calbindin and IK Ca channel immunoreactivities were shown by sub-populations of enteric neurons. In cultured explants of embryonic gut, tetrodotoxin (TTX, an inhibitor of action potential generation), nitro-L-arginine (NOLA, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis) and clotrimazole (an IK Ca channel blocker) did not affect the rate of ENCC migration, but tetanus toxin (an inhibitor of SNAREmediated vesicle fusion) significantly impaired ENCC migration as previously reported. In explants of E11.5 and E12.5 hindgut grown in the presence of TTX or tetanus toxin there was a decrease in the number nNOS+ neurons close to the migratory wavefront, but no significant difference in the proportion of all ENCC that expressed the pan-neuronal marker, Hu. Conclusions & Inferences (i) Some enteric neuron sub-types are present very early during the development of the enteric nervous system. (ii) The rate of differentiation of some sub-types of enteric neurons appears to be influenced by TTX-and tetanus toxin-sensitive mechanisms.

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“…Similarly, we found GABA was lost by P7, matching cone synaptogenesis in the mouse retina which occurs at P6 (Blanks et al, 1974). Raven et al (2008) found horizontal cells express a calcium channel during development essential for normal cone pedicle formation, suggesting horizontal cells play a pivotal role in OPL development. However, few morphological defects were observed on the cone pedicles of mice where the GABA synthesizing enzyme, GAD 67 was knocked out of horizontal cells (Schubert et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Amino acid signatures in the developing mouse retina

Nivison‐Smith

Chua

Tan

et al. 2013

Intl J of Devlp Neuroscience

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This study characterizes the developmental patterns of seven key amino acids: glutamate, γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), glycine, glutamine, aspartate, alanine and taurine in the mouse retina. We analyze amino acids in specific bipolar, amacrine and ganglion cell sub-populations (i.e. GABAergic vs. glycinergic amacrine cells) and anatomically distinct regions of photoreceptors and Müller cells (i.e. cell bodies vs. endfeet) by extracting data from previously described pattern recognition analysis. Pattern recognition statistically classifies all cells in the retina based on their neurochemical profile and surpasses the previous limitations of anatomical and morphological identification of cells in the immature retina. We found that the GABA and glycine cellular content reached adult-like levels in most neurons before glutamate. The metabolic amino acids glutamine, aspartate and alanine also reached maturity in most retinal cells before eye opening. When the overall amino acid profiles were considered for each cell group, ganglion cells and GABAergic amacrine cells matured first, followed by glycinergic amacrine cells and finally bipolar cells. Photoreceptor cell bodies reached adult-like amino acid profiles at P7 whilst Müller cells acquired typical amino acid profiles in their cell bodies at P7 and in their endfeet by P14. We further compared the amino acid profiles of the C57Bl/6J mouse with the transgenic X-inactivation mouse carrying the lacZ gene on the X chromosome and validated this animal model for the study of normal retinal development. This study provides valuable insight into normal retinal neurochemical maturation and metabolism and benchmark amino acid values for comparison with retinal disease, particularly those which occur during development.

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Early afferent signaling in the outer plexiform layer regulates development of horizontal cell morphology

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Development of the retina and optic pathway

Development of the retina and optic pathway

The role of neural activity in the migration and differentiation of enteric neuron precursors

Amino acid signatures in the developing mouse retina

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