Ear, nose and throat (ENT) manifestations and complications of reflux

Abstract

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease describes the backflow of acidic stomach content towards the larynx and is associated with symptoms such as cough, throat clearing and globus. It is a common presentation in primary care and the sequelae of symptoms that arise from the disease often present in ear, nose and throat clinics. Assessment and examination of patients presenting with reflux symptoms includes questionnaires, as well as direct visualisation of the pharynx and larynx, and takes a multidisciplinary team approach. Treatment options include lifestyle modification, medical therapy and in some specialist centres, surgical management to address the multitude of symptoms associated with the disease.

Endoscopic Picture in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Associated with Gerd

“…The results of our study showed that gastroesophageal reflux has an effect on the mucosal layer of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx that is similar in nature to the effect of laryngopharyngeal reflux on the larynx and pharynx: edema, presence of mucus, increased vascular pattern with hyperemia and hypertrophy. Many studies have highlighted the etiopathogenetic role of gastroesophageal reflux in the development of sinus and nasopharyngeal inflammation [11][12][13][14]. Analysis of the causal relationship between GERD and chronic rhinosinusitis at the genetic level has shown that gastroesophageal reflux disease increases the risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis by 36% [15].…”

Comparison of the underlay and over‐underlay tympanoplasty: A randomized, double‐blind controlled trial

“… 4 , 5 Different materials and techniques have been developed for tympanoplasty. 6 , 7 , 8 The two main methods commonly used are overlay and underlay. 4 …”

“…for tympanoplasty. [6][7][8] The two main methods commonly used are overlay and underlay. 4 The underlay method is commonly used due to its relatively easy procedure.…”