Eales Disease

Abstract

Eales disease, first described by Henry Eales in 1880, constitutes an idiopathic occlusive retinal vasculopathy apparently multifactorial, and with a likely immunologic origin, which mainly affects the peripheral retina bilaterally in young patients predominantly males. Most cases are asymptomatic in the early stages of the disease however, in the course of the disease floaters and blurry vision arise and hemorrhages lead to significant visual loss. The clinical appearance depends on the peripheral nonperfusion and neovascularization that follow retinal perivasculitis. Visual loss is commonly due to vitreous hemorrhage and tractional retinal detachment. Routine biochemical tests, fundus fluorescein angiography, widefield angiography, optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography, and ultrasound are used in the diagnosis of the disease. Corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents, laser photocoagulation, intravitreal triamcinolone, anti-VEGF injections, and vitrectomy are treatment modalities.