Eagle Syndrome: a Follow-Up Examination of Four Patients After Surgical Treatment Via Cervical Approach

Heim, Nils; Faron, Anton; Martini, M.; Reich, Rudolf H.

doi:10.1097/scs.0000000000003655

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Just 4% of all patients with an abnormal styloid process’ length are symptomatic, meaning that the incidence of Eagle syndrome is around 0.16% in the global population [2]. A majority of the studies report a length of 25–30 mm as acceptable for a normal styloid process [3].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The styloid process is normally in the range of 23–30 mm. When the bone is > 30 mm long, this is considerate abnormal, but given the fact that 4% of the adult population show an elongated styloid process, only a small portion of them show symptoms [2]. Despite further delineations of Eagle syndrome in recent reports, the disease has become closely tied to stylohyoid complex disorders – a group of disorders wherein symptoms may be caused by the entrapment of the glossopharyngeal nerve in the pharynx posterior to a calcified ligament or the compression of the internal carotid artery with involvement of the sympathetic chain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for Bilateral Eagle Syndrome

Montevecchi

Caranti

Cammaroto

et al. 2018

ORL

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Eagle syndrome is a rare and poorly understood clinical condition caused by an elongated or disfigured styloid process. The possible managements of Eagle syndrome include conservative medical treatment or surgical intervention. The surgical removal of the elongated styloid process may be efficiently achieved either by an intraoral or a transcervical approach. An effective styloidectomy may be either total or partial, provided the bony residue’s length is within the range of normality. Here, we report our experience with a bilateral robotic-assisted styloidectomy in a young female patient. Our experience showed that this procedure is a safe alternative to traditional surgical approaches, granting an excellent view and a safe manipulation by robotic arms, and, thereby, avoiding iatrogenic damage to neurovascular structures. Moreover, transoral robotic surgery could represent the gold standard for the treatment of bilateral Eagle syndrome cases allowing a quick and safe single-time surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for Bilateral Eagle Syndrome

Montevecchi

Caranti

Cammaroto

et al. 2018

ORL

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“…During surgical resection of the process or ligament in patients with Eagle syndrome, a considerable difference in length of surgery time and difficulty of resection is perceived via the cervical approach. 12 Type I Eagle syndrome has a stiff connection to the skull base, which results in a straightforward resection with an easy approach. Ossified ligaments are frequently not connected to the skull base and are located in the soft tissue of the neck, which results in a challenging preparation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in the Osseous Ultrastructure in 2 Differing Etiologies of Eagle Syndrome. A Micro-CT Study

Heim¹,

Warwas²,

Singer

et al. 2023

Journal of Craniofacial Surgery

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Objectives: Eagle syndrome is a rare disease caused by an elongated styloid process (type I) or ossified stylohyoid ligament (type II) and causes a heterogeneous symptom complex, ranging from pain in the throat and neck to neurological symptoms and neurovascular entrapment. The 2 different types present differing shapes and ultrastructures and cause different symptoms. This study aimed to distinguish the 2 types by investigating the structures by micro-computed tomography. Methods: Micro-computed tomography was performed and evaluated in n = 10 resected styloid processes from patients diagnosed with Eagle syndrome. The tissues were measured for their shape, ratio of soft tissue and bone amounts, bone volume, and ultrastructure, and compared within the groups. Results: The shapes of the different types were different and the ultrastructure differed between the 2 groups, with an absence of trabecular architecture in type II. The area of bone to nonbone tissues in type I samples was significantly higher compared with type II (P = 0.007). Alike these results, the bone volume and bone-to-soft tissue ratio were significantly higher in type I compared with type II (P = 0.009). Conclusions: The findings suggest that both the popular theories (hyperplasia and metaplasia) may be probable but each solely valid for 1 type of Eagle. Type I may derive from bone hyperplasia with cancellous bone formation and rather high bone density in the elongated styloid process. Type II most likely originates from ligament metaplasia into bone without a compact structure.

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Complications in intraoral versus external approach for surgical treatment of Eagle syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2022

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Eagle Syndrome: a Follow-Up Examination of Four Patients After Surgical Treatment Via Cervical Approach

Abstract: Surgical treatment via cervical approach appears to be an effective and safe option with low morbidity and mortality in the treatment of symptomatic Eagle syndrome of adults.

Cited by 6 publications

References 27 publications

Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for Bilateral Eagle Syndrome

Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS) for Bilateral Eagle Syndrome

Differences in the Osseous Ultrastructure in 2 Differing Etiologies of Eagle Syndrome. A Micro-CT Study

Complications in intraoral versus external approach for surgical treatment of Eagle syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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