EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly

Ferrando, Arny A.; Paddon‐Jones, Douglas; Hays, Nicholas P.; Kortebein, Patrick; Rønsen, Ola; Williams, Rick H.; McComb, Ashley; Symons, T. Brock; Wolfe, Robert R.; Evans, William J.

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2009.03.009

Cited by 206 publications

(190 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Provision of protein, independent of whether energy or total calorie requirements are met, can maintain lean muscle mass and reduce the risk of subsequent frailty in the elderly. 91,92 Finally, a key high-impact recent trial conducted in colorectal surgery patients within an enhanced recovery after surgery/ERP pathway demonstrated in patients receiving high-protein ONS postoperatively that consumption of >60% of protein needs over the first 3 postoperative days was associated with a 4.4-day reduction in LOS (P < .001). 93 Thus, the group was in full consensus recommending that a high-protein diet (via diet or high-protein ONS) be initiated on the day of surgery in most cases, with the exception of patients with bowel not in continuity, bowel ischemia, or persistent bowel obstruction.…”

Section: Postoperative Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Nutrition Screening and Therapy Within a Surgical Enhanced Recovery Pathway

Wischmeyer

Carli

Evans

et al. 2018

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

313

327

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Perioperative malnutrition has proven to be challenging to define, diagnose, and treat. Despite these challenges, it is well known that suboptimal nutritional status is a strong independent predictor of poor postoperative outcomes. Although perioperative caregivers consistently express recognition of the importance of nutrition screening and optimization in the perioperative period, implementation of evidence-based perioperative nutrition guidelines and pathways in the United States has been quite limited and needs to be addressed in surgery-focused recommendations. The second Perioperative Quality Initiative brought together a group of international experts with the objective of providing consensus recommendations on this important topic with the goal of (1) developing guidelines for screening of nutritional status to identify patients at risk for adverse outcomes due to malnutrition; (2) address optimal methods of providing nutritional support and optimizing nutrition status preoperatively; and (3) identifying when and how to optimize nutrition delivery in the postoperative period. Discussion led to strong recommendations for implementation of routine preoperative nutrition screening to identify patients in need of preoperative nutrition optimization. Postoperatively, nutrition delivery should be restarted immediately after surgery. The key role of oral nutrition supplements, enteral nutrition, and parenteral nutrition (implemented in that order) in most perioperative patients was advocated for with protein delivery being more important than total calorie delivery. Finally, the role of often-inadequate nutrition intake in the posthospital setting was discussed, and the role of postdischarge oral nutrition supplements was emphasized.

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Section: Postoperative Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Nutrition Screening and Therapy Within a Surgical Enhanced Recovery Pathway

Wischmeyer

Carli

Evans

et al. 2018

Anesthesia &Amp; Analgesia

313

327

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“…For this reason, protein and amino acids, notably glutamine, as dietary supplementation may have potential usefulness in fighting against muscle atrophy during aging. Thus far, however, dietary supplementation with proteins or amino acids seems inefficient in limiting the atrophy processes, and neither leucine [100][101][102] (or essential amino acids 103,104 ) nor glutamine 105 fights against the loss of skeletal muscle. Protein supplementation increased muscle mass gain only during resistance-type exercise training in elderly people.…”

Section: Impact Of Aging On Regulation Of Glutamine Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutamine metabolism in advanced age

Meynial-Denis

2016

Nutr Rev

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Glutamine, reviewed extensively in the last century, is a key substrate for the splanchnic bed in the whole body and is a nutrient of particular interest in gastrointestinal research. A marked decrease in the plasma glutamine concentration has recently been observed in neonates and adults during acute illness and stress. Although some studies in newborns have shown parenteral and enteral supplementation with glutamine to be of benefit (by decreasing proteolysis and activating the immune system), clinical trials have not demonstrated prolonged advantages such as reductions in mortality or risk of infections in adults. In addition, glutamine is not able to combat the muscle wasting associated with disease or age-related sarcopenia. Oral glutamine supplementation initiated before advanced age in rats increases gut mass and improves the villus height of mucosa, thereby preventing the gut atrophy encountered in advanced age. Enterocytes from very old rats continuously metabolize glutamine into citrulline, which allowed, for the first time, the use of citrulline as a noninvasive marker of intestinal atrophy induced by advanced age.

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“…Blood and muscle samples were analyzed for isotope enrichment using methods previously described (8). Briefly, upon thawing, biopsy samples were precipitated with 800 l of 14% perchloroacetic acid.…”

Section: Muscle Tissue Collection and Muscle Protein Metabolism Measumentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle inflammation susceptibility: a prognostic index of recovery potential after hip arthroplasty?

Bamman

Ferrando

Evans

et al. 2015

American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism

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While elective total hip arthroplasty (THA) for end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) improves pain, mobility function, and quality of life in most cases, a large proportion of patients suffer persistent muscle atrophy, pain, and mobility impairment. Extensive skeletal muscle damage is unavoidable in these surgical procedures, and it stands to reason that poor recovery and long-term mobility impairment among some individuals after THA is linked to failed muscle regeneration and regrowth following surgery and that local muscle inflammation susceptibility (MuIS) is a major contributing factor. Here we present results of two integrated studies. In study 1, we compared muscle inflammation and protein metabolism signaling in elective THA ( n = 15) vs. hip fracture/trauma (HFX; n = 11) vs. nonsurgical controls (CON; n = 19). In study 2, we compared two subgroups of THA patients dichotomized into MuIS(+) ( n = 7) or MuIS(−) ( n = 7) based on muscle expression of TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) receptor (Fn14). As expected, HFX demonstrated overt systemic and local muscle inflammation and hypermetabolism. By contrast, no systemic inflammation was detected in elective THA patients; however, local muscle inflammation in the perioperative limb was profound in MuIS(+) and was accompanied by suppressed muscle protein synthesis compared with MuIS(−). Muscle from the contralateral limb of MuIS(+) was unaffected, providing evidence of a true inflammation susceptibility localized to the muscle surrounding the hip with end-stage OA. We suggest MuIS status assessed at the time of surgery may be a useful prognostic index for muscle recovery potential and could therefore provide the basis for a personalized approach to postsurgery rehabilitation.

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EAA supplementation to increase nitrogen intake improves muscle function during bed rest in the elderly

Cited by 206 publications

References 28 publications

American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Nutrition Screening and Therapy Within a Surgical Enhanced Recovery Pathway

American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative Joint Consensus Statement on Nutrition Screening and Therapy Within a Surgical Enhanced Recovery Pathway

Glutamine metabolism in advanced age

Muscle inflammation susceptibility: a prognostic index of recovery potential after hip arthroplasty?

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