EA8 Anopheline mosquito survey in malaria endemic areas, Khammouane Province, Lao PDR (1999)

孝子, 當間; 一郎, 宮城; 孝雄, 岡澤; 進, 才田; 潤, 小林; 正洋, 高木; ナンバニヤ, シモン; ケオマニラ, ホンカム

doi:10.7601/mez.52.132_4

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“…Anopheles philippinensis and An. nivipes were shown two decades ago to bite both human and animals and were suspected to be responsible for malaria parasite transmission in paddy field zones in Khammouane province [ 10 , 11 , 14 ]. Indeed, both of these species were previously found positive with P. falciparum or P. vivax in Laos and in other GMS countries [ 7 , 11 , 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…nivipes were shown two decades ago to bite both human and animals and were suspected to be responsible for malaria parasite transmission in paddy field zones in Khammouane province [ 10 , 11 , 14 ]. Indeed, both of these species were previously found positive with P. falciparum or P. vivax in Laos and in other GMS countries [ 7 , 11 , 15 ]. Clearly more work has to be done to determine the behaviour and ecology of secondary vectors and their role in transmission in Laos.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bionomics of malaria vectors in Lao PDR, 2018–2020: entomological surveillance as a key tool for malaria elimination

Marcombe,

Maithaviphet,

Reyburn

et al. 2023

Malar J

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Background The Lao PDR National Strategic Plan for malaria control and elimination for year 2021–2025 emphasizes the importance of routine entomological surveillance being conducted in areas with high transmission and in active malaria foci in elimination targeted areas. The collection of entomological surveillance data that is closely linked to recent epidemiological data is crucial for improving impact, as it contributes to the evidence package that supports operational and strategic decision-making of national malaria programmes, as they accelerate their last mile of elimination. Methods The Center for Malariology Parasitology and Epidemiology (CMPE) entomology team conducted entomological surveillance activities at 13 sentinel sites in 8 provinces and at active transmission foci sites from 2018 to 2020. The techniques used for the mosquito collection were indoor and outdoor human landing collections (from houses and from cultivation areas) and cattle baited net trap collections. Results There were 5601 Anopheles mosquito females captured and identified throughout the study, on both human and cow bait. They represented 15 different species or species complexes. The primary malaria vectors as well as the secondary vectors were present in all collection sites in the south, indicating that people living in these rural areas with high malaria incidence are exposed to the vectors. The vectors were highly zoophilic, but they still bite humans throughout the night with a high peak of activity before midnight, both indoors and outdoors. Overall, 17% of the malaria vectors were collected indoors when the people are sleeping. This confirms the importance of bed net use during the night. Thirty-two percent of primary and secondary vectors were collected outdoors at times when people are usually awake and outdoors, which shows that people are exposed to potentially infectious mosquitoes and the importance of personal protection at these times. The findings showed that residual transmission may occur outdoors in the villages, and outside the villages in cultivation fields and forested areas. Epidemiological data showed that transmission was higher in surveillance sites which were targeted as part of a malaria response rather than sentinel sites. Conclusions Understanding where and how transmission is persisting, monitoring and mapping vector species distribution in areas with active transmission, monitoring biting trends, and designing evidence based and effective vector control interventions are critical to accelerating progress toward malaria elimination. In this context, the role of entomological surveillance combined with epidemiological data should be considered as a cornerstone in achieving malaria elimination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%