E-Skin: From Humanoids to Humans [Point of View]

Dahiya, Ravinder

doi:10.1109/jproc.2018.2890729

Cited by 152 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Coupled with advances in the Internet of Things, virtual/augmented reality and robotics, the smart textile could also lead to a new level of human connectedness. [ 1 ] For these advances, the smart wearables should have high density of seamlessly integrated and self‐powered active/passive devices (e.g., sensors, actuators, displays, and circuits for read out and communication). [ 2,3 ] As a result, there is growing interest in fibers‐based devices, particularly for energy generation and storage to attain energy autonomous wearables.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Wearable Supercapacitor Based on Conductive PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Cloth and a Sweat Electrolyte

et al. 2020

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A sweat‐based flexible supercapacitor (SC) for self‐powered smart textiles and wearable systems is presented. The developed SC uses sweat as the electrolyte and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as the active electrode. With PEDOT:PSS coated onto cellulose/polyester cloth, the SC shows specific capacitance of 8.94 F g−1 (10 mF cm−2) at 1 mV s−1. With artificial sweat, the energy and power densities of the SC are 1.36 Wh kg−1 and 329.70 W kg−1, respectively for 1.31 V and its specific capacitance is 5.65 F g−1. With real human sweat the observed energy and power densities are 0.25 Wh kg−1, and 30.62 W kg−1, respectively. The SC performance is evaluated with different volumes of sweat (20, 50, and 100 µL), bending radii (10, 15, 20 mm), charging/discharging stability (4000 cycles), and washability. With successful on‐body testing, the first demonstration of the suitability of a sweat‐based SC for self‐powered cloth‐based sensors to monitor sweat salinity is presented. With attractive performance and the use of body fluids, the presented approach is a safe and sustainable route to meet the power requirements in wearable systems.

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confidence: 99%

A Wearable Supercapacitor Based on Conductive PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Cloth and a Sweat Electrolyte

et al. 2020

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“…Sensory feedback, particularly from touching or physical contact, is critical for various interactive tasks involving robots and humans and tactile skin or eSkin is a crucial technology needed for this purpose . Various types of physical and chemical sensors have been developed recently and significant progress has been made in terms of their integration on large areas and flexible or conformable surfaces .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various types of physical and chemical sensors have been developed recently and significant progress has been made in terms of their integration on large areas and flexible or conformable surfaces . With these features, eSkins have offered artificial systems (e.g., robotic/prosthetic hand) the ability to simultaneously perceive and differentiate between multiple tactile stimuli such as pressure, temperature, vibration, pain, etc [1b,2a,2e,3]. Some of the present eSkins have used machine learning tools also to decipher the information from the data acquired by tactile sensors .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fingerprint‐Enhanced Capacitive‐Piezoelectric Flexible Sensing Skin to Discriminate Static and Dynamic Tactile Stimuli

Navaraj

Dahiya

2019

Advanced Intelligent Systems

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Inspired by the structure and functions of the human skin, a highly sensitive capacitive‐piezoelectric flexible sensing skin with fingerprint‐like patterns to detect and discriminate between spatiotemporal tactile stimuli including static and dynamic pressures and textures is presented. The capacitive‐piezoelectric tandem sensing structure is embedded in the phalange of a 3D‐printed robotic hand, and a tempotron classifier system is used for tactile exploration. The dynamic tactile sensor, interfaced with an extended gate configuration to a common source metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET), exhibits a sensitivity of 2.28 kPa−1. The capacitive sensing structure has nonlinear characteristics with sensitivity varying from 0.25 kPa−1 in the low‐pressure range (<100 Pa) to 0.002 kPa−1 in high pressure (≈2.5 kPa). The output from the presented sensor under a closed‐loop tactile scan, carried out with an industrial robotic arm, is used as latency‐coded spike trains in a spiking neural network (SNN) tempotron classifier system. With the capability of performing a real‐time binary naturalistic texture classification with a maximum accuracy of 99.45%, the presented bioinspired skin finds applications in robotics, prosthesis, wearable sensors, and medical devices.

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“…The human skin therefore responds to both dynamic and static or quasi-static stimuli through FAs and SAs [2][3][4][5][6][7]. Since SAs continue to generate spikes throughout the static or quasistatic events (figure 1b), the neuromorphic approach in eSkin is fundamentally different from the event-driven approaches that are widely explored today in context with vision and other sensory modalities [2][3][4][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. This neural computing aspect of human skin (hereafter referred to as 'skin' only) is discussed later in this section.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This neural computing aspect of human skin (hereafter referred to as 'skin' only) is discussed later in this section. As per some rough estimates, more than 45 K SAs and FAs are distributed in the skin (figure 2) and the data generated by these large number of receptors during a physical interaction are handled through local computation and packing the information in the form of spikes or action potentials [10,[15][16][17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft eSkin: distributed touch sensing with harmonized energy and computing

Soni

Dahiya

2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Inspired by biology, significant advances have been made in the field of electronic skin (eSkin) or tactile skin. Many of these advances have come through mimicking the morphology of human skin and by distributing few touch sensors in an area. However, the complexity of human skin goes beyond mimicking few morphological features or using few sensors. For example, embedded computing (e.g. processing of tactile data at the point of contact) is centric to the human skin as some neuroscience studies show. Likewise, distributed cell or molecular energy is a key feature of human skin. The eSkin with such features, along with distributed and embedded sensors/electronics on soft substrates, is an interesting topic to explore. These features also make eSkin significantly different from conventional computing. For example, unlike conventional centralized computing enabled by miniaturized chips, the eSkin could be seen as a flexible and wearable large area computer with distributed sensors and harmonized energy. This paper discusses these advanced features in eSkin, particularly the distributed sensing harmoniously integrated with energy harvesters, storage devices and distributed computing to read and locally process the tactile sensory data. Rapid advances in neuromorphic hardware, flexible energy generation, energy-conscious electronics, flexible and printed electronics are also discussed. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Harmonizing energy-autonomous computing and intelligence’.

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E-Skin: From Humanoids to Humans [Point of View]

Cited by 152 publications

References 35 publications

A Wearable Supercapacitor Based on Conductive PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Cloth and a Sweat Electrolyte

A Wearable Supercapacitor Based on Conductive PEDOT:PSS‐Coated Cloth and a Sweat Electrolyte

Fingerprint‐Enhanced Capacitive‐Piezoelectric Flexible Sensing Skin to Discriminate Static and Dynamic Tactile Stimuli

Soft eSkin: distributed touch sensing with harmonized energy and computing

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