E-Mobility — Advancements and Challenges

Abstract

Mobile platforms cover a broad range of applications from small portable electric devices, drones, and robots to electric transportation, which influence the quality of modern life. The end-to-end energy systems of these platforms are moving toward more electrification. Despite their wide range of power ratings and diverse applications, the electrification of these systems shares several technical requirements. Electrified mobile energy systems have minimal or no access to the power grid, and thus, to achieve long operating time, ultrafast charging or charging during motion as well as advanced battery technologies are needed. Mobile platforms are space-, shape-, and weight-constrained, and therefore, their onboard energy technologies such as the power electronic converters and magnetic components must be compact and lightweight. These systems should also demonstrate improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional designs. This paper discusses some technical challenges that the industry currently faces moving toward more electrification of energy conversion systems in mobile platforms, herein referred to as E-Mobility, and reviews the recent advancements reported in literature. INDEX TERMS Battery technology, fast charging, high-frequency magnetic materials, high-power-density converters, hybridized battery systems, more electric powertrains, wireless charging. I. INTRODUCTION Next-generation mobile platforms, ranging from handheld devices, mobile robots, and drones to automobiles, aircraft, and ships, require small, light, cost-effective, and longer operating energy systems to meet more aggressive mission profiles [1]-[3]. At the same time, most of these mobile platforms are moving toward more electrification, i.e., electrified-mobility (E-Mobility), if not fully there already. E-Mobility, herein, refers to more electrification of energy conversion systems in mobile platforms. E-Mobility opens new opportunities to meet the required energy system objectives, while also presenting new challenges. As an example The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Xiaosong Hu .

Development of a computer platform for visualisation and simulation of vehicular DC distribution systems

“…On the other hand, regarding the energy storage in batteries and their charging systems, consistent work has been exposed towards fast and wireless charging [75, 76] and flexible vehicle/grid interaction [72]. As the actual lithium‐ion‐based technologies are arriving at their theoretical specific energy limits, some research on the use of solid‐electrolyte‐based lithium batteries and hybrid energy storage systems (including supercapacitors or fuel cells) has been proposed to favour longer operating cycles, improve power density and increase lifetime [77]. It is also noteworthy that the relevance of battery management systems (BMSs) to monitor and control proper states of charge and state of health in the battery packs [77].…”

“…As the actual lithium‐ion‐based technologies are arriving at their theoretical specific energy limits, some research on the use of solid‐electrolyte‐based lithium batteries and hybrid energy storage systems (including supercapacitors or fuel cells) has been proposed to favour longer operating cycles, improve power density and increase lifetime [77]. It is also noteworthy that the relevance of battery management systems (BMSs) to monitor and control proper states of charge and state of health in the battery packs [77]. In future vehicular EDS, the BMS will be required to be a functional aspect of a universal software able to monitor and control all the relevant low‐ and high‐voltage electrical components and systems part of the entire E/E architecture.…”

Photovoltaic Electric Scooter Charger Dock for the Development of Sustainable Mobility in Urban Environments

“…The establishment and operation of e-mobility services and infrastructures for electric vehicles (EV) that focus on the use of internet of things (IoT) solutions in the management of charging stations is currently an important issue [9], [10], [11]. The technical challenges for achieving a greater penetration of e-mobility solutions are explained in [12].…”

“…Several studies deal with the different types of motors that can be used for e-scooters [25], [27], [28]. Lithium-ion batteries are commonly used in e-scooters [12], [19]. The battery is usually recharged by plugging the charger (an AC/DC power converter) into a standard wall outlet at home or the office.…”

Dynamic Model for the EV’s Charging Infrastructure Planning Through Finite Element Method

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