E-learning, M-learning and D-learning: Conceptual definition and comparative analysis

Abstract

In the 21st century, the information and communication technology explosion increases the uses of digital devices for many purposes in the world of work and in formal and non-formal education. This study analyzes existing literature on the basis of the definition of the concepts, terminology used, differences, fundamental perspectives, benefits, disadvantages, and finally the similarities and differences of the e-learning (electronic learning), m-learning (mobile learning), and d-learning (digital learning). It reveals that e-learning and m-learning are subsets of d-learning. On the other hand, some learning tools could be considered as m-learning as well as e-learning.

Development of Android-Based Protadroid Application in Pronunciation Practice Learning for Undergraduate Students

“…M-learning enhances broader learning experiences for students. As mentioned by Kumar, Wotto, and Bélanger (2018), M-learning is a powerful method for engaging learners on their own terms. The use of mobile devices in mobile learning enables students to engage themselves in learning activities based on their own terms.…”

The Impact of E-Learning Apps On Child’s Mental Agility

“…The concept of e-learning in the field of education leads to speedy progress. In this study, the concepts AI, Virtual and augmented reality, big data concept, blended learning modes, cloud computing, learning through games, m-learning, IoT, videos, Kumar Basak, S., Wotto, M., & Bélanger, P. (2018) [7], The research paper analyses the concept and terminologies of elearning, m-learning, and d-learning and attempts to evaluate the differences and similarities in these 3 learning modes. The findings claimed that d-learnings is the main head of online learning and e-learning and m-learning are the subsidiary of dlearning.…”

Digital literacy of the generation z students and their attitudes and beliefs towards ICT knowledge and skills

“…Therefore, educational institutions have to better understand the learning needs of the future generations and adjust their programs and teaching methods to meet and satisfy these new requirements to achieve sufficient quality for both students and teachers [3], [24]. The Generation Y was focused on e-learning or m-learning, but for Generation Z, those two learning methods are combined under the commonly used term "Digital learning" [20], [25]. Digital learning is based on using different digital tools and mobile devices to motivate students to utilize various academic documents, sources, books, journals, video clips, etc.…”