E. L. Thorndike and the origins of animal psychology: On the nature of the animal in psychology.

Stam, Henderikus J.; Kalmanovitch, Tanya

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.53.10.1135

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(60 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The learning process thus appears to be one of trial and error, with the correct choices reinforced by reward, and er-L. Traetta DOI: 10.4236/ojmp.2020.94014 170 Open Journal of Medical Psychology rors penalized. The term trial and error goes back to Alexander Bain, who used it in his analysis of the "constructive intellect" in the sense of a "feeling of the end to be served" and the ability to judge when that end has been satisfactorily at- concepts that were to become common in human psychology" [15].…”

Section: Puzzle Boxes Vs Mazesmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the Beginning of Learning Studies There Was the Maze

Traetta¹

2020

OJMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A generally forgotten means of observing the developmental stages of scientific psychology is the study of maze devices. Considered in ancient times as a symbol of the process of moving in the direction of knowledge, the labyrinth, or maze, was at the centre of psychologists' attention from the end of the 19 th century. The current paper aims to reconstruct the history of the early years of maze learning, starting from the original interests of the experimenters in brain physiology or in mental evolution, and to examine how the experiments they designed continued to be important in the general theory of learning throughout the 20 th century: maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. At the beginning of the 21 st century the question has become: what parts of the brain are used for spatial learning and memory, as shown by the Morris water maze, which is very popular in studies of behavioural neuroscience.

show abstract

Section: Puzzle Boxes Vs Mazesmentioning

confidence: 99%

At the Beginning of Learning Studies There Was the Maze

Traetta¹

2020

OJMP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is true even for animal behavior research that does not involve vivisection or killing of animals. Such behavioral research emerged in something like its modern form in the late nineteenth century, when biologists in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States attempted to place comparative studies of human and nonhuman minds on a rigorous empirical foundation (Stam and Kalmanovitch 1998; Mitman and Burkhardt 1991; Lutts 2001; Burkhardt 2005). For most of the period of the field's existence, ethologists and animal-behavior researchers considered the individual animals they studied to be essentially interchangeable representatives of the species as an ideal type.…”

Section: Pets Workers and Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Naming the Ethological Subject

Benson¹

2016

Sci Context

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Argument In recent decades, through the work of Jane Goodall and other ethologists, the practice of giving personal names to nonhuman animals who are the subjects of scientific research has become associated with claims about animal personhood and scientific objectivity. While critics argue that such naming practices predispose the researcher toward anthropomorphism, supporters suggest that it sensitizes the researcher to individual differences and social relations. Both critics and supporters agree that naming tends to be associated with the recognition of individual animal rights. The history of the naming of research animals since the late nineteenth century shows, however, that the practice has served a variety of purposes, most of which have raised few ethical or epistemological concerns. Names have been used to identify research animals who play dual roles as pets, workers, or patients, to enhance their market value, and to facilitate their identification in the field. The multifaceted history of naming suggests both that the use of personal names by Goodall and others is less of a radical break with previous practices than it might first appear to be and that the use of personal names to recognize the individuality, sentience, or rights of nonhuman animals faces inherent limits and contradictions.

show abstract

“…Further, a growing behaviorism dismissed an internal psychological life completely, proposing an ‘even more exact’ science of human behavior rather than consciousness (Watson, 1913). This was well received by progressively minded scholars, and over time narrowed the psychological project significantly, as researchers turned to studies of selected animal species deemed analogs of basic human functioning (Stam & Kalmanovitch, 1998; Valsiner & van der Veer, 2000).…”

Section: The History Of Culture and Psychological Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

Crisis? What crisis? Cross-cultural psychology’s appropriation of cultural psychology

Ellis

Stam

2015

Culture & Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Whereas cross-cultural psychology and cultural psychology have been distinguished as separate projects for decades, talk about their possible collaboration is becoming increasingly common. Several scholars have described their differences as essentially non-oppositional and the latest Handbook of Cultural Psychology combines articles from both research traditions. This paper scrutinizes these consolidating efforts first by tracing historically how the two accounts of culture (cultural and cross-cultural) developed, and second, by examining whether their long-standing epistemological premises allow for the kind of collaboration advocated by some scholars. We argue that attempts to combine the disciplines come primarily from cross-cultural psychologists who appear increasingly challenged by cultural and indigenous psychological approaches. Attempts at a merger have been twofold: on the one hand, cross-cultural psychologists who seek to preserve the status of their discipline have expanded its scope to include cultural theorists; on the other hand, cross-cultural scholars persuaded by cultural theories are creating a new blend of 'experimental cultural psychology' that seeks to accommodate both programs. These proposals, in our view, exemplify a cross-cultural discipline in crisis, struggling to account for a growing cultural psychology. We conclude that the overlapping interests between cross-cultural and cultural scholars make this a propitious time for cross-disciplinary dialogue.

show abstract

E. L. Thorndike and the origins of animal psychology: On the nature of the animal in psychology.

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

At the Beginning of Learning Studies There Was the Maze

At the Beginning of Learning Studies There Was the Maze

Naming the Ethological Subject

Crisis? What crisis? Cross-cultural psychology’s appropriation of cultural psychology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About