1998
DOI: 10.1037/0003-066x.53.10.1135
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E. L. Thorndike and the origins of animal psychology: On the nature of the animal in psychology.

Abstract: Thorndike's critique of the extant research of his day and the development of his methods, including the important way in which animals and children were often taken as interchangeable sources of data for the new functional psychology. Thorndike's research clearly altered the relationship between psychologist and animal, as is demonstrated by his own studies and those that were published in the decade that followed. The authors review this body of work in the early 20th century for (a) the manner in which it e… Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(6 citation statements)
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References 63 publications
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“…The learning process thus appears to be one of trial and error, with the correct choices reinforced by reward, and er-L. Traetta DOI: 10.4236/ojmp.2020.94014 170 Open Journal of Medical Psychology rors penalized. The term trial and error goes back to Alexander Bain, who used it in his analysis of the "constructive intellect" in the sense of a "feeling of the end to be served" and the ability to judge when that end has been satisfactorily at- concepts that were to become common in human psychology" [15].…”
Section: Puzzle Boxes Vs Mazesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The learning process thus appears to be one of trial and error, with the correct choices reinforced by reward, and er-L. Traetta DOI: 10.4236/ojmp.2020.94014 170 Open Journal of Medical Psychology rors penalized. The term trial and error goes back to Alexander Bain, who used it in his analysis of the "constructive intellect" in the sense of a "feeling of the end to be served" and the ability to judge when that end has been satisfactorily at- concepts that were to become common in human psychology" [15].…”
Section: Puzzle Boxes Vs Mazesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is true even for animal behavior research that does not involve vivisection or killing of animals. Such behavioral research emerged in something like its modern form in the late nineteenth century, when biologists in the United Kingdom, Germany, and the United States attempted to place comparative studies of human and nonhuman minds on a rigorous empirical foundation (Stam and Kalmanovitch 1998; Mitman and Burkhardt 1991; Lutts 2001; Burkhardt 2005). For most of the period of the field's existence, ethologists and animal-behavior researchers considered the individual animals they studied to be essentially interchangeable representatives of the species as an ideal type.…”
Section: Pets Workers and Patientsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Further, a growing behaviorism dismissed an internal psychological life completely, proposing an ‘even more exact’ science of human behavior rather than consciousness (Watson, 1913). This was well received by progressively minded scholars, and over time narrowed the psychological project significantly, as researchers turned to studies of selected animal species deemed analogs of basic human functioning (Stam & Kalmanovitch, 1998; Valsiner & van der Veer, 2000).…”
Section: The History Of Culture and Psychological Sciencementioning
confidence: 99%